Planning Commission

PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 1 of 13 Regular Meeting: Planning Commission Committee Location: City Hall, Council Chambers, 515 2nd Avenue SW, City of Minot, ND Meeting Called to Order: March 30, 2015 at 6:00 p.m. Presiding Official: Chairman John Zimmerman Secretary: Sybil Tetteh Members in Attendance: Chairman John Zimmerman, Wallace Berning, Larry Holbach, Jon Hanson, Brenden Howe, Todd Koop, Kevin Mehrer, Todd Wegenast, Bob Wetzler, Travis Zablotney Members Absent: Vice-chair Pam Karpenko, Ryan Conklin, Tyler Neether City Staff Present: Donna Bye, City Planner; Sybil Tetteh, Asst. City Planner; Steve Borjeson, Planning Technician; Kelly Hendershot, Asst. City Attorney; City Manager, Lee Staab; Lance Meyer, City Engineer; Jacqueline Aucker, Assistant City Engineer; Mitch Flanagan, Building Official; Dan Jonasson, Public Works Director; Jason Sorenson, Asst. Public Works Director; Ed Hausauer, Fire Marshal; Jason Olson, Police Chief; Andy Solsvig, Airport Director; Damon Druse, Asst. City Assessor Others Present: Aldermen Hatlelid, Jantzer, Connole, Shomento, Jantzer, Pankow, Schuler, Mark Anhorn, Jennifer Robinson, Mark Sweeney, Matt Knutson, Ed Taney, Orlan Swensrud, Mike Christianson, Terrance Stephenson, Roger Kluck, and many others Meeting Called to order by Chairman John Zimmerman Approval of 2/23/2015 Regular Meeting Minutes Motion by Koop second by Holbach to approve the 2/23/2015 Regular Meeting Minutes, and was carried by the following roll call votes: ayes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Motion passed RECOMMENDATIONS Approval of Agenda Items (# 1, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, & 16) included in the Consent Agenda. Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. 1|Page PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 2 of 13 Motion passed. Item # 1: As part of consent motion, it was approved: That the City Council pass a motion approving a request by Jesse Starr, representing Apostolic Faith Church to subdivide Apostolic Faith 2nd Addition, Lots 1 & 2 into one lot to be known as Apostolic Faith 3rd Addition, Lot 1. This property is located at 2929 19th Ave NW. CONDITIONS: BEFORE BUILDING PERMITS ARE ISSUED: 1. Storm Water Management Plans will be required and approved by the City Engineer prior to issuance of any building permits. 2. Erosion Control practices will need to meet State of North Dakota requirements and approved by the City Engineer. 3. Site plan will be required to be reviewed and approved by the Planning Department prior to any construction. FINDING OF FACT FOR APPROVAL: 1. The subject property is zoned R1 (Single-family Residential). 2. Proposed subdivision meets lot size requirements. 3. Churches are a permitted use in R1 zoning. Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Conklin, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Karpenko, Koop, Mehrer, Neether, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none Motion passed. Item # 2: The Planning Commission denied the request by Jen Robinson for a variance to the required parking per the zoning ordinance that states, “No required off street parking spaces may be located in the required front yard of any “R” District.” This site can only provide one space that meets the requirement. This property is located at 1825 8th Ave SE. CONDITION: 1. Property will be converted into single family. 2. No parking in the front yard setback or grassed area. 3. Utility billing must be corrected to reflect single family. FINDING OF FACT: 2|Page PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 3 of 13 1. There is no hardship with variance request. Orlan Swensrud, the owner, 605 13th S SE, stated that there is double parking on the east side of the house on 19th St and has been there since 1989 before he purchased the home. Previous owner had parked on the side of 19th St SE. The drive way on the east side has gravel and building should be grandfathered due to it past use. Mark Anhorn, 1903 8th Ave SE, in opposition stated that this request has come before the commissioners a year ago and was denied; the applicant turned the home into multi family unit and has people living in the house. Mr. Anhorn also stated that, the applicant had turned parking garage into a dwelling unit and that has taken away some parking space. Jennifer Robinson, the applicant, stated that she has lived at 1825 8th Ave SE for 11 years and currently there is family living in the basement. Parking of camper on the grass is only done during the spring season for cleaning. Ms. Robinson also stated that there were two other people in the home but they had moved out 3-4 months ago. Motion by Wegenast, second by Berning to deny item with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s) and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Conklin, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Karpenko, Koop, Mehrer, Neether, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none Motion passed. Item # 3: The Planning Commission denied reconsideration on a request by Taney Engineering representing Westcorp Management Group, for a variance to the front yard setbacks along 32nd Ave NW and 16th St NW from the required 25’ to approximately 10’ on Fillmore North, Block 1, Lot 1 to retain 9 detached garage structures. Also the Planning Commission denied five dumpster enclosures to be located in the front yard setback on Fillmore North, Block 1, Lot 1. This property is located on the southeast corner of 32nd Ave NW and 16th St NW. FINDING OF FACT FOR DENIAL: 1. The subject property is zoned R-3, Multiple Family Residential. 2. The property is guided Medium Density Residential. 3. The garage buildings were constructed in a manner that does not meet required setbacks for front and side yards abutting a street. 4. The garage buildings will pose visual and aesthetic concerns in their current location. 5. The circumstances are created by applicant and do not constitute a hardship. Conditions: (if approved) 1. The applicant shall provide a screening and landscaping plan along 16th Street NW and 32nd Avenue NW. 3|Page PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 4 of 13 Motion by Wegenast, second by Berning to deny item with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s) and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Conklin, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Karpenko, Koop, Mehrer, Neether, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none Motion passed. Item #4: As part of consent motion, it was approved: That the City Council pass a resolution approving a request by Dan Jonasson, City of Minot Public Works Department, for a conditional use permit to place an 85’ communications tower on Kemper Addition, Lot 6. This property is located at 1025 31st ST SE. CONDITIONS: 1. Erosion Control practices will need to meet the state of North Dakota requirements and approved by the City Engineer prior to issuance of any building permits. 2. All applicable standards set forth under Conditional Use permit and Chapter 31 of the Zoning Ordinance must be addressed by the applicant. 3. Documentation that the proposed tower complies with regulations administered by Federal Aviation Administration as required by Section 31-16 c) 1) of the Zoning Ordinance. 4. Documentation regarding what steps the applicant will take to avoid interference with established public safety telecommunications. 5. A report from a qualified professional engineer which demonstrates the tower’s compliance with the aforementioned structural and electrical standards as required by Section 31-16 c) 2) of the Zoning Ordinance. FINDING OF FACT: 1. The subject property is zoned ‘P’ (Public). 2. The proposed tower will be designed, constructed, operated and maintained so to be compatible in appearance with the existing or intended character of that area. 3. Will not be hazardous or disturbing to existing or future neighboring uses. 4. The site will be adequately served by essential public facilities. 5. The proposed tower will not create excessive additional requirements for public facilities and services at public cost. 6. Access to the site is ample and the addition of the storage is not expected to create traffic congestion. 7. Co-Location is not required for non-commercial telecommunication towers. Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Motion passed 4|Page PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 5 of 13 Item #5: it was recommended: That the City Council pass a motion approving the request by Brian Sturm, Pietsch Aircraft, representing FedEx, to subdivide Minot International Airport South Side Addition, Lot 1 and an unplatted portion of the S1/2 of Section 12-155-83 into one lot to be known as Minot International Airport South Side 2nd Addition, Lot 1 for the purpose of a FedEx expansion. Also, that City Council introduce an ordinance on first reading to change the zone from C2 (General Commercial) District and P (Public) District to P (Public) District on proposed Minot International Airport South Side 2nd Addition, Lot 1. This property is located at 515 Airport Rd. CONDITIONS: 1. Landscaping would be required between adjacent property Per City Zoning Ordinance and approval by City Planner. 2. Storm Water Management Plans will be required and approved by the City Engineer for further development. 3. The drive way must be brought up to City specifications. 4. Connection fees may be required. 5. The new FedEx building will need to meet design criteria because it’s next to the new Minot International Airport facility. 6. A Public Plan Review and approval of the exterior building finishes will before the planning Commissioners for final review. Mark Sweeney of KLJ, representing Brian Sturm, Pietsch Aircraft, was there to answer any questions. Commissioner Zablotney expressed his concern regarding the rezoning of this item from C2 to P (Public) and stated that FedEx is a private company on a public land and not a public entity, and as such zoning should be C2. City Planner stated that there can’t be two different zoning on one lot and this is an expansion of an existing building on public land not redevelopment. Final design will come before the Commissioners for approval. Motion by Zablotney, second by Mehrer to approve item with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s), and was carried by the following roll call votes: Conklin, Holbach, Hanson, Karpenko, Koop, Neether, Wegenast, Zablotney. Nays: Berning Motion passed. Item # 6: The following was pulled by applicant. 5|Page PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 6 of 13 Application by Mark Sweeney, KLJ, representing Andre Haroche, Bakken Development Group Minot I, LLC, to subdivide Statesboro Addition; Block 1, Lots 1A-13B; Block 2, Lots 1A-14B; Block 5, Lots 16A-21B; Block 8, Lot 15A and a vacated portion of 15th Street NW into 4 lots to be known as Prairie Ridge Addition; Block 1, Lots 1 & 2; Block 2, Lot 1; Block 3, Lot 1. Also, to change the zone from R4 (Planned Residence) District to GMU (General Mixed Use) District on proposed Prairie Ridge Addition; Block 1, Lots 1 & 2 and to RM (Medium Density Residential) District on Prairie Ridge Addition; Block 2, Lot 1; Block 3, Lot 1. Also, to change the Future Land Use Map designation from Medium Density Residential to General Mixed Use on proposed Prairie Ridge Addition; Block 1, Lots 1 & 2. Item #7: The request by Shanon Polsfut to subdivide Outlot 16 was withdrawn before the meeting. That the City Council pass a motion approving the request by Matt Knutson to subdivide an unplatted portion of the NW1/4SW1/4, Section 34-155-82 into 1 lot to be known as Section 34-155-82, Outlot 17. Also, that City Council introduce an ordinance on first reading to change the zone from AG (Agricultural) District to R1 (Single Family Residential) District on proposed Section 34-155-82, Outlot 17. This property is located east of 55th Street SE and north of 33rd Ave SE. CONDITIONS: 1. Storm Water Management Plans may be required by the City Engineer. 2. Erosion control practices will need to meet State of North Dakota requirements and approved by the City Engineer. 3. A rural septic sewer study will be required prior to issuance of any building permits 4. 33rd Ave must be installed in platted ROW to Ward County Standards. 5. Current roadway does not follow platted right-of-way and property owner is responsible for the adjustment of roadway and approved by Ward County Highway. 6. Property owners will be responsible for upgrading the road, fixing drainage, and maintaining the road to County specifications. Matt Knutson applicant, 5700 33rd Ave SE, stated that he spoke with County Engineer and condition number 5 exists because of current utility in the road. The road had to be built to specifications and the homeowner had no control over the utility. Motion by Wegenast, second by Howe to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none Motion Passed 6|Page PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 7 of 13 Item #8: The request by Mark Sweeney, KLJ, representing Andre Haroche, Bakken Development Group Minot I, LLC, to subdivide Statesboro Addition; Block 3, Lots 1A-14B; Block 4, Lots 1A-13B and a vacated portion of 14th Street NW into 2 lots to be known as Sunset Ridge Addition, Block 1, Lots 1 & 2 was held. Also, to hold the request to change the zone from R4 (Planned Residence) District to RM (Medium Density Residential) District on proposed Sunset Ridge Addition, Block 1, Lots 1 & 2. This property is located east of Kodiak Street NW and between 35th and 36th Avenues NW. CONDITIONS: BEFORE BUILDING PERMITS ARE ISSUED: 1. Storm Water Management Plans will be required and approved by the City. 2. Erosion Control practices will need to meet State of North Dakota requirements and approved by the City Engineer. 3. Final site plan, landscaping, parking and elevation plans meeting all applicable zoning code requirements shall be submitted for review and approval by the Planning Department prior to issuance of a building permit. 4. Trip generation study will be required to be submitted and approved prior to any building permits. No access will be allowed for Lots 1 and 2 on 36th Avenue NW. 5. Required public land dedication shall be paid prior to the release of the Final Plat. BEFORE CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY IS ISSUED: 1. Public Utility Fees will be required. FINDING OF FACT FOR APPROVAL: 1. The subject property is zoned R-4, Planned Residential and is guided Medium Density Residential. 2. The proposed rezoning and reguiding will create consistent zoning and land use for proposed lots. 3. All proposed lots meet the minimum requirements of the RM zoning district. Mark Sweeney, KLJ, representing Andre Haroche, was present to answer any questions. Commissioner Zabloney asked if the final plans are completed or is this request for purchase of the land. Roger Kluck, EAPC Architect, stated that, they are planning to meet with the City Planner in the coming weeks to finalize design. Construction should start in July. Commissioner Zabloney stated that, in Section 7-7 of the Zoning Ordinance, three units or more are required to provide overall site plan, landscaping, exterior building material and colors to demonstrate compliance and that has not been provided. He also expressed his concern about the proposed apartment building next to the new school and questioned if RM is the best use for this site? 7|Page PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 8 of 13 Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve item with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s) and failed by 3 to 7 votes. Motion by Koop, second by Holbach to hold items and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wetzler, Nays: Wegenast, Zablotney Motion Passed Item #9: The Planning Commission recommends that the City Council deny a reconsideration request by Mike Christianson to change the zone from R1 (Single Family Residential) District to RM (Medium Density Residential) District for the purpose of converting a single family home into a 3-plex on West Minot Addition, S125’ less N125’, Lot 2, Block 12. Also, Planning Commission denied a request for a variance to the west side yard setback from the required 10’ to approximately 7’ on West Minot Addition, S125’ less N125’, Lot 2, Block 12. Also, the Planning Commission denied a request for a variance to parking spaces from the required 7 spaces to 5 spaces on West Minot Addition, S125’ less N125’, Lot 2, Block 12. This property is located at 1000 5th Ave NW. CONDITIONS: 1. The structure shall be converted to a conforming single family dwelling. FINDING OF FACT FOR DENIAL: 1. The subject property is zoned R-1, Single Family Residential. 2. The property is guided Low Density on the Future Land Use Plan. 3. All surrounding properties are zoned R-1 and guided Low Density. 4. The subject property can meet R-1 setbacks for a single family home without the need for a variance. 5. The site does not accommodate required area for parking for a multi-unit structure. 6. The proposed variance request does not have the necessary hardship in which to support the variance request. 7. The existing structure has reasonable use as single family dwelling. THE PLANNING COMMISSION MADE SPECIFIC FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONDITIONS RELATING TO: 1. Variance can be granted based on unreasonable headship. 2. As a result of the flood. 3. The Assessor office as this property listed as 3plex. 8|Page PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 9 of 13 Condition 1. Each one bedroom apartment will be restricted to one vehicle. Mike Christianson, 1720 76th St NW, Burlington, stated that he is not converting the home but restoring the home to its former use. He also stated that the home has been a 3plex since he bought it in 1999 and has never had a complaint. Terrance Stephenson, 1005 5th Ave NW, in opposition commented on parking issues and stated that there are other 3plexes in the neighbor and this property should be a single family. Building Official gave timeline of when permits were taken out and stated that nothing indicated on the permits that this is a 3plex. Assistant City Assessor stated that this property has been recorded a 3plex since 1984 and could not verify if rooms were inspected. Motion by Zablotney, second by Howe to approve item with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and failed by the following roll call votes:, Hanson, Howe, Mehrer, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Koop, Wegenast Motion failed Item #10: As part of consent motion, it was recommended: That the City Council introduce an ordinance on first reading to approve the request by the City of Minot and Eunice Kittilson to annex into City limits Morning Side Addition, Block 2, Lot 9 plus vacated alley and adjacent right-of-way. This property is located 3901 Burdick Expy E. CONDITIONS: 1. Hook-up fees apply. FINDING OF FACT FOR APPROVAL: 1. The subject property is C2, General Commercial. 2. The property is currently located outside city boundaries. 3. The property is located within 200’ of existing services that are available for utilization. 4. Benefits for annexation are provided to the property owner and city. Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Motion passed. Item # 11: As part of consent motion, it was recommended: 9|Page PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 10 of 13 That the City Council introduce an ordinance on first reading to approve the request by the City of Minot and Swanston Family, LLLP, to annex into City limits Morning Side Addition, Block 3, S1/2 Lot 1 less Hwy and adjacent right-of-way. This property is located to the west of 3915 Burdick Expy E. CONDITIONS: 1. Hook-up fees apply. FINDING OF FACT FOR APPROVAL: 1. The subject property is C2, General Commercial. 2. The property is currently located outside city boundaries. 3. The property is located within 200’ of existing services that are available for utilization. 4. Benefits for annexation are provided to the property owner and city. Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Motion passed. Item #12: As part of consent motion, it was recommended: That the City Council introduce an ordinance on first reading to approve the request by the City of Minot and Rodney & Peggy Lynch to annex into City limits Morning Side Addition, Block 3, Lot 4 and adjacent right-of-way. This property is located to the east of 3915 Burdick Expy E. CONDITIONS: 1. Hook-up fees apply. FINDING OF FACT FOR APPROVAL: 1. The subject property is C2, General Commercial. 2. The property is currently located outside city boundaries. 3. The property is located within 200’ of existing services that are available for utilization. 4. Benefits for annexation are provided to the property owner and city. Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Motion passed. 10 | P a g e PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 11 of 13 Item #13: As part of consent motion, it was recommended: That the City Council introduce an ordinance on first reading to approve the request by the City of Minot and Henry & Robin Brekhus to annex into City Morning Side Addition, Block 3, Lot 5 and adjacent right-of-way. This property is located to the east of 4005 Burdick Expy E. CONDITIONS: 1. Hook-up fees apply. FINDING OF FACT FOR APPROVAL: 1. The subject property is C2, General Commercial. 2. The property is currently located outside city boundaries. 3. The property is located within 200’ of existing services that are available for utilization. 4. Benefits for annexation are provided to the property owner and city. Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Motion passed. Item #14: As part of consent motion, it was recommended: That the City Council introduce an ordinance on first reading to approve the request by the City of Minot and Wendelin Lesmeiester to annex into City limits Morning Side Addition, Block 3, Lots 6-8. This property is located to the east of 4005 Burdick Expy E. CONDITIONS: 1. Hook-up fees apply. FINDING OF FACT FOR APPROVAL: 1. The subject property is C2, General Commercial. 2. The property is currently located outside city boundaries. 3. The property is located within 200’ of existing services that are available for utilization. 4. Benefits for annexation are provided to the property owner and city. 11 | P a g e PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 12 of 13 Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Motion passed. Item #15: As part of consent motion, it was recommended: That the City Council introduce an ordinance on first reading to approve the request by the City of Minot and Jerald Clott to annex into City limits Section 20-155-82, Outlot 17 plus vacated alley and adjacent right-of-way. This property is located to the east of 3901 Burdick Expy E. CONDITIONS: 1. Hook-up fees apply. FINDING OF FACT FOR APPROVAL: 1. The subject property is C2, General Commercial. 2. The property is currently located outside city boundaries. 3. The property is located within 200’ of existing services that are available for utilization. 4. Benefits for annexation are provided to the property owner and city. Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Motion passed. Item #16: As part of consent motion, it was recommended: That the City Council introduce an ordinance on first reading to approve the request by W.M Swanston to annex into City limits Swanston Addition, Lot 1 and adjacent right-of- way for the purpose of utilizing City services. This property is located at 3915 Burdick Expressway E. CONDITIONS: 1. Hook-up fees apply. FINDING OF FACT FOR APPROVAL: 1. The subject property is C2, General Commercial. 2. The property is currently located outside city boundaries. 3. The property is located within 200’ of existing services that are available for utilization. 4. Benefits for annexation are provided to the property owner and city. 12 | P a g e PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting March 30, 2015 Page 13 of 13 Motion by Wegenast, second by Koop to approve consent items with staff finding of fact(s) and condition(s); and was carried by the following roll call votes: Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Motion passed. Item #17: Other Business Correction to the legal description on the subdivision known as Hacienda Hills Additions, Lot 22, should read as follows: That the City Council pass a motion approving a request to subdivide Hacienda Hills 10th Addition, Lot 1. As plat was recorded before the annexation occurred. Motion by Hanson, second by Wegenast to approve item with staff recommendation and was carried by the following roll call votes Zimmerman, Berning, Holbach, Hanson, Howe, Koop, Mehrer, Wegenast, Wetzler, Zablotney Nays: none. Meeting adjourned at 7:48 p.m. 13 | P a g e