City Council

VILLAGE OF PORT DICKINSON Village Board Meeting Agenda October 11, 2022 6:00 pm Port Dickinson Village Hall Please take a moment to ensure that your cellphones are OFF or SILENCED. CALL TO ORDER PUBLIC HEARING: None APPROVAL OF MINUTES: September 13, 2022 meeting PUBLIC PARTICIPATION: County Executive Representative with report on the County proposed budget. TREASURER’S REPORT: AUDIT & PAYMENT OF CLAIMS # 8 (2022-2023) 9/27/22 1. Abstract of Unaudited vouchers for the General Fund for $35,565.69 2. Abstract of Unaudited vouchers for the Water Fund for $1,228.23 3. Abstract of Unaudited vouchers for the Sewer Fund for $1,644.18 AUDIT & PAYMENT OF CLAIMS # 9 (2022-2023) 1. Abstract of Unaudited vouchers for the General Fund for $166,757.88 2. Abstract of Unaudited vouchers for the Water Fund for $64,844.45 3. Abstract of Unaudited vouchers for the Sewer Fund for $80,310.77 COMMUNICATIONS: TRUSTEE-COMMISSIONER REPORTS: Administration/Community Association – Charles Harding, Trustee Public Works – Michael Cashman, Trustee Planning – Public Safety – James DeGennaro, Trustee Reports attached Parks, Water & Sewer – Robert Moss, Trustee Parks: Water/Sewer: 591 total meters: 553 remote meters installed (96%), 21 remaining to complete (4%) (8 meters are City of Binghamton, 3 properties are turned off at the street, 6 larger meters)  Water arrears as of 10/11/2022 - $3,064.10 Zoning Board of Appeals – OLD BUSINESS: RESOLUTIONS FOR APPROVAL: NEW BUSINESS/DISCUSSION: 1. Surplus property policy 2. Proposed LOCAL LAW AMENDING CHAPTER 34 OF THE VILLAGE CODE ENTITLED “FIRE PREVENTION” TO ADD RECREATIONAL BURNING ADJOURNMENT  VILLAGE OF PORT DICKINSON LOCAL LAW NO. ___ OF 2022 A LOCAL LAW AMENDING CHAPTER 34 OF THE VILLAGE CODE ENTITLED “FIRE PREVENTION” TO ADD RECREATIONAL BURNING Be it enacted by the Board of Trustees of the Village of Port Dickinson as follows: Section 1. Section 34-6 of the Village Code shall be amended as follows: § 34-6. Recreational Burning It is the intent of this section to protect the general health, welfare and safety of the people of the Village of Port Dickinson by prohibiting open fires, which are dangerous to life and property. A. Definitions. As used in this section, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated: Garbage. The animal and vegetable waste resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking and serving of food. Nuisance. Any action that causes an unreasonable interference with the use and enjoyment of a neighbor’s property. Open Fire. Any outdoor fire or outdoor smoke-producing process from which air contaminants are emitted directly into the outdoor atmosphere. Refuse. All waste material, including but not limited to garbage, rubbish, incinerator residue, street sweepings, dead animals and offal. Rubbish. Solid or liquid waste material, including but not limited to paper and paper products; rags; trees or leaves, needles and branches therefrom; vines; lawn and garden debris; furniture; cans; crockery; plastic; cartons; chemicals; paint; grease; sludge; oils and other petroleum products; lumber; sawdust; demolition materials; tires; and automobiles and other vehicles and parts for junk, salvage or disposal. B. Prohibited burning. The following fires are prohibited in Port Dickinson: (1) The burning of garbage, refuse and rubbish in any manner is prohibited. (2) All open fires are prohibited in Port Dickinson, with the exception of those in conformity with the provisions of § 34-6(C) of this chapter. (3) Open burning for outdoor cooking is prohibited in or on multiple-dwelling structures. C. Permitted burning. Burning in an open fire, provided that it is not contrary to any other federal, state, county or local law, ordinance, rule or regulation, will be permitted as follows:  (1) Bonfires. Bonfires shall be permitted only for a publicly-sponsored celebration or event, or for an organization-sponsored event, or for a public or private school-sponsored event, and shall be subject to meeting all requirements of the bonfire permit application obtained from and filed with the Fire Chief’s office, prior to any bonfire being lit and taking place. No fire shall be ignited prior to an on-site inspection of the location where the bonfire is to take place and shall be subject to any and all conditions or restrictions the Fire Chief may impose for the safety of life and property, nor shall any fire be ignited prior to the issuance of a bonfire permit issued by the Fire Chief's office. The Fire Department shall be notified prior to igniting any said bonfire permitted by the Fire Chief’s office. (2) Outdoor cooking. Open burning will be permitted for outdoor cooking when the fire is limited to the minimal size necessary and contained in a device or cooking utensil commonly referred to as a "grill" or "hibachi" and designed for outdoor cooking purposes. All applicable and/or reasonable safety precautions shall be taken when using said devices or utensils. (3) Recreational fires or campfires. Small recreational fires or campfires shall be permitted only when all of the following are adhered to: (a) When the fire is contained to a device designed to hold a small fire, such as an outdoor fireplace, or commercially manufactured steel or ceramic portable fireplace, and used according to the manufacturer's directions. (b) Said fire is solely for a recreational purpose. (c) Said fire is placed no closer than 25 feet to any structure. (d) Said fire is properly attended and controlled at all times by a responsible party with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment readily available. (e) Said fire shall not present a safety hazard to life or property, nor create a nuisance. D. Control of fires within the Village. If, in the opinion of the Fire Chief, weather conditions are such that the starting or the continuation of burning is a risk to life, health or property within the Village, he or she shall have the right to declare that any and all burning shall cease immediately until further notice. E. Enforcement. The Fire Chief and such firefighting personnel as he or she shall designate, the Police Department’s officers, and the Code Enforcement Officer are hereby vested with authority to enforce the provisions of this section. The Fire Department is hereby authorized to extinguish any open burning fire being conducted in violation of any of the provisions of this section. F. Penalties for offenses. (1) Any violation by a person, firm or corporation of any provision of this section shall be deemed a violation pursuant to the Penal Law of the State of New York, punishable by a fine not exceeding $250 or by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 15 days, or both.  (2) Any person who takes part in or assists in any violation of this section shall also be subject to the penalties provided herein. (3) Each day (twenty-four-hour period) that a violation of this section is committed or permitted to exist shall be deemed to constitute a distinct and separate violation. Section 2. The existing Section 34-6 of the Village Code entitled “Penalties for offenses” shall be renumbered to § 34-7. Section 3. Separability The provisions of this local law are separable and if any provision, clause, sentence, subsection, word or part thereof is held illegal, invalid, unconstitutional, or inapplicable to any person or circumstance, such illegality, invalidity or unconstitutionality, or inapplicability shall not affect or impair any of the remaining provisions, clauses, sentences, subsections, words, or parts of this local law or their application to other persons or circumstances. It is hereby declared to be the legislative intent that this local law would have been adopted if such illegal, invalid, or unconstitutional provision, clause, sentence, subsection, word or part had not been included therein, and as if such person or circumstance, to which the local law or part thereof is held inapplicable, had been specifically exempt therefrom. Section 4. Repealer All Ordinances, Local Laws and parts thereof inconsistent with the Local Law are hereby repealed. Section 5. Effective Date This local law shall take effect upon filing with the New York Secretary of State in accordance with Section 27 of the Municipal Home Rule Law.  VILLAGE OF PORT DICKINSON SURPLUS PROPERTY POLICY Purpose. (1) To set forth the Village of Port Dickinson’s administrative policy for the transfer and disposition of surplus property, equipment and materials. (2) To set forth the Village of Port Dickinson’s administrative policy for scrapping and recycling of scrap and recyclable surplus property, equipment and materials and disposing of same. (3) To ensure the receipt of all revenues from the disposal of surplus property, equipment and materials and scrap or recyclables. Definitions. (1) “Surplus property” as used herein is used generically to describe any Village property, equipment or material that is no longer needed or usable by the holding department. For purposes of this policy all surplus property including scrap, recyclables, trash, and/or junk disposed, discarded or abandoned on Village premises, including all surplus property placed in storage or collection containers of any kind, including containers or facilities located on premises leased from the Village by Village tenants, is hereby deemed to be Village property and not property of any Village employee. (2) The terms “scrapping” and “recycling” as used herein refer to the act of transferring discarded surplus property, including scrap or recyclables, to a vendor for use, salvage or resale. (3) The terms “scrap” or “recyclables” as used herein refer to surplus property that (a) may be reused “as is” or after repair, or (b) may be salvaged for its mineral value after treatment or processing. (4) The term “trash” or “junk” as used herein refers to surplus property which has no practical salvage or recyclable value. This policy is designed to address two categories of scrapping and recycling: (a) Management-directed scrapping, recycling and handling of trash or junk (authorized disposal). (b) Personal scrapping, recycling or handling of trash or junk (unauthorized disposal). (5) Employee’s Personal Property. For purposes of this policy an employee’s personal property is (a) that property in the possession of an employee which was the property of the employee prior to it having been brought onto or placed upon Village premises, or (b) that property lawfully acquired from its prior owner or his/her authorized representative by an off-duty employee while on Village premises after having been brought to Village premises by its owner where such property remains in the possession of the employee as his or her property, after transfer to said employee. Each employee is responsible for determining that any property which he or she may take possession of or acquire while on Village premises has been obtained or acquired from an individual lawfully authorized by its owner to make the transfer to the employee. Methods of transfer and disposition. All surplus property is disposed of “as is” and “where is,” with no warranty, guarantee, or representation of any kind, expressed or implied, as to the condition, utility or usability of the property offered unless expressly authorized by the Village Board. (1) Transfer to another department. Surplus property may be transferred between Village departments. (2) Trade-In. Property declared as surplus may be offered as a trade-in for credit toward the acquisition of new property. (3) Return to Manufacturer. Surplus property may, when possible, be returned to the manufacturer for buy-back credit. (4) Disposal. Surplus property may be offered for sale by the Village. Appropriate methods of sale are as follows: (a) Auction. Surplus property may be sold at public auction. Auctions may be conducted by Village staff, or the Village may contract with a professional auctioneer or electronic auction site. (b) Sealed Bids. Sealed bids may be solicited for the sale of surplus property. Surplus property disposed of in this manner shall be sold to the highest responsible bidder. (c) Selling for Scrap. Surplus property may be sold as scrap if the Village deems that the value of its parts exceeds the value of the surplus property as a whole. (d) No Value Item. Where the Village determines that property is surplus and of minimal value to the Village due to spoilage, obsolescence or other cause or where the Village determines that the cost of disposal of such property would exceed the recovery value, the Village shall dispose of the same in such a manner as they deem appropriate and in the best interest of the Village. (5) Donation. Surplus property may be donated to any other public agency or charitable organization exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. “Public agency” means the State or any agency or subdivision thereof, any Village, county, special district, or school district. Policy. The Village Board sets forth the policy of the Village for disposal or destruction of surplus property. (1) Village Mayor directed Transfer and Disposal (Authorized). (a) Property with an Estimated Market Value Exceeding $10,000. Transfer or disposition of surplus property with an estimated market value exceeding $10,000 per item shall be determined specifically by the Village Board. (b) Property with an Estimated Market Value Less than $10,000. The Village Mayor may direct the transfer and disposition of surplus property with an estimated market value not to exceed $10,000 per item. (c) Transfer and disposition of surplus property may include:  (i) All surplus property will first be considered for transfer between departments for the benefit of the Village of Port Dickinson. (ii) All surplus property not needed by the Village of Port Dickinson may be offered for sale for the highest estimated market value. Surplus property may be sold by public auction, electronic auction site, or sealed bid. (iii) Surplus property may be donated or sold as less than estimated market value to public agencies and nonprofit organizations. (d) Scrapping/Recycling/Junking. (i) Such activities may involve the sale of surplus property at public auction or through sealed bids to public bodies, organizations, or vendors including scrap dealers or recycling centers. (ii) It is the policy of the Village of Port Dickinson that no employee may engage in any sale, scrapping or recycling or other disposal of Village property, as defined herein, unless specifically directed to engage in such activity by the Village Mayor who has been lawfully and duly authorized and designated to direct such activity. (e) Real Estate. All activity involving the declaration and sale of surplus real estate shall require authorization by the Village Board regardless of the actual or estimated value. (2) Proceeds from Transfer and Disposition of Property. When so authorized to transfer, sell, donate, recycle, and scrap Village property, the employee directed to undertake such activity shall remit the entire proceeds from any such activity to the Village by check or money order made payable to the Village of Port Dickinson, and shall be deposited into the appropriate fund. (3) Personal Scrapping, Recycling or Disposal of Trash or Junk (Unauthorized). Transferring, selling, donating, scrapping, recycling or disposing of Village property, as defined herein (regardless of monetary value), by Village employees for personal gain or to benefit the interest of any person or party other than the Village of Port Dickinson, including handling or disposal of trash or junk except as directed by Village management person(s) lawfully and duly authorized and designated to direct such activity, is strictly forbidden. Village employees are prohibited from claiming ownership of, giving away, recovering, or salvaging for personal use, or the use or interest of any person other than the Village of Port Dickinson, any materials abandoned, disposed or stored upon Village premises, including trash or other materials, placed in, upon or in the vicinity of recycling or collection cans, dumpsters or bins located on Village premises, or collection or debris piles, or other Village storage or disposal facilities or refuse sites, and including any such facility or site belonging to any Village tenant. Furthermore, Village employees are prohibited from taking possession of any surplus property or the proceeds from the sale of surplus property designated for disposal as trash, scrap, or as recyclables, except as lawfully authorized by persons designated with such authority by the Village Mayor. This prohibition includes giving any such surplus property or the proceeds from the sale of such surplus property to any person or party other than for the duly authorized benefit and interest of the Village of Port Dickinson, or authorizing any other person or party to accept, receive or take any such surplus property to benefit their own interest, except as provided hereinabove. (4) Any transfer and/or disposal of surplus property authorized by the Village Mayor shall be reported to the Village Board as a receive- and-file item on the Village Board agenda. Procedures. All surplus property is disposed of “as is” and “where is,” with no warranty, guarantee, or representation of any kind, expressed or implied, as to the condition, utility or usability of the property offered unless specified by the Village Board. It is critical to maintain a trail of documentation for audit purposes regarding the disposition of property of the Village of Port Dickinson. The Village Mayor or his/her designee is authorized to declare property, equipment and materials surplus. (1) Identifying Excess Property. Each department head is responsible to identify excess property regularly. Each department head will evaluate the operational status of the excess property and notify the Village Clerk in writing. The Village Clerk will circulate the excess property notification between the other departments within the Village. (2) Transfer Excess Property between Departments. Department heads may request the transfer of excess property by making request to the Village Clerk and/or department head. Both department heads must agree when the excess property cost was in excess of $2,500. Transfers between departments are contingent upon approval of the Village Mayor. Notification will be provided to the Village Clerk and Village Treasurer in writing of any transfer of excess property to a different location or department ownership. (3) Transfer Surplus Property for Trade-In or Return to Manufacturer. (a) Department heads may offer property for trade-in toward the purchase of new property and equipment with the approval of the Village Mayor. Department heads will attach trade-in information to the procurement documents. Department directors will notify the Village Clerk of the procurement and disposition of property and equipment. (b) Department heads may offer property and equipment for buy-back credit to the manufacturer with approval of the Village Mayor. Department heads will forward buy-back credit documents to the Village Treasurer. Department directors will notify the Village Clerk of this disposition of property and equipment. (c) Department heads and the Village Clerk will inform the Village Treasurer of all trade-ins and credits since it is critical for budgeting and asset tracking. If surplus property is to be applied to a purchase order, the trade-in value and/or credit shall be itemized on the purchase order. The amount charged against the appropriation code will be the value of the purchase before application of the trade-in credit. (4) Disposal of Surplus Property. (a) Excess property as shown on excess property notification that is not transferred among departments or for trade-in or manufacturer’s credit will be declared surplus by the department head. Whenever the village declares any equipment or property surplus, then the authorized designee shall either (1) place the equipment or property for auction on an auction site (online or in person); (2) publish a newspaper notice offering the equipment or property for sale, and soliciting bids for the purchase by a date certain; (3) if the anticipated value is less than $5,000, identifying and soliciting not less than five potentially interested purchasers; (4) If the anticipated value is less than $1,000, identifying and soliciting not less than three potentially interested purchasers; Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the anticipated value is less than $100, the authorized designee shall be authorized to sell such equipment or property for a reasonable sum. In all cases, the authorized designee shall have authority to enter into a contract with the highest bidder/offeror however procured, or to reject all bids/offers, as the designee determines is in the best interest of the village. (b) Method of Disposal. Sale of surplus property shall be to the highest bidder or for the highest market value and may be disposed of by sale by public auction, or sealed bid. (i) Auction. Surplus property may be sold at public auction. Public auctions may be conducted by Village staff, or the Village may contract with a professional auctioneer or electronic auction site. Sale of surplus property at public auction conducted by Village staff must be after giving publication in the official newspaper of the Village no later than 10 days prior to such auction. The department head shall reserve the right to reject any and all bids received for any item. In the event the department head rejects any and all such bids so received, the item may not be disposed of for a lesser value of the lowest bid rejected. (ii) Sealed Bid. Sealed bids may be solicited for the sale of surplus property. The department head shall reserve the right to reject any and all bids received for any item. In the event the department head rejects any and all such bids so received, the item may not be disposed of for a lesser value of the lowest bid rejected. (iii) Selling for Scrap. Surplus property may be sold as scrap if the department head deems that the value of its parts exceeds the value of the surplus property as a whole after approval of the Village Board. For-profit vendors shall include scrap dealers and recycling centers.  (iv) No Value Item. Where the department head determines that property is surplus and of minimal value to the Village due to spoilage, obsolescence or other cause or where the department head determines that the cost of disposal of such property would exceed the recovery value, he/she shall dispose of the item in such a manner as they deem appropriate and in the best interest of the Village considering the ability to recycle. Disposal of no value items must be approved by the Village Board. (v) Donation. Surplus property may be donated to any other public agency or charitable organization exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. (A) “Public agency” means the State or any agency or subdivision thereof, any Village, county, special district, or school district. (B) Non-profit organizations are recognized as charitable organizations exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. (5) Accounting for the Disposition of Surplus Property. (a) The department head will notify the Village Treasurer in writing of the disposition of all surplus property and attach all supporting documentation. (b) The Village Treasurer shall make adjustments to their inventories/assets lists showing the disposition of excess property. (c) Copies of all records documenting the surplus property process will be kept on file with the Village Clerk. (6) Transfer of Ownership and Title. Delivery of the surplus property together with transfer of ownership and title passes upon receipt of the proceeds. The Village Clerk shall cause licenses and title documents to be executed and transferred upon verification of receipt of funds. (7) Surplus Property and Employees. Village employees shall not be the purchasers of any surplus real or personal property of the Village. This disqualification shall extend to the family members of such employees and any third persons acting at the direction or request of a disqualified employee where the purchase or sale is intended for the benefit of such employee. Any exceptions to this policy will only be made at the direction of the Village Mayor.  Village of Port Dickinson Village Hall, 786 Chenango Street Port Dickinson, New York 13901 Telephone: (607) 771-8233 Fax: (607) 722-0072 John M. Broughton, Code Enforcement Officer MONTHLY REPORT September 2022 Total Miles Driven :32 To: Board of Trustees From: John M. Broughton Code Enforcement Officer Issued several garbage can/ removal warnings, grass in street warnings Several correspondences with Hulbert Engineering on the Binghamton Pre cast project, retaining wall portion of the project was approved and now working on the office building phase Met with Robert Roby and checked on his progress, he removed all the overgrown weeds in the front of the house and will be meeting with him again in October Received a text message from a person claiming to be under contract to purchase 22 Dickinson Ave. He was advised that the most serious violation of the zoning code for overcrowding must be addressed quickly and he was advised to provide a copy of the contract to me Issued 2 zoning/code compliance letters for real estate transactions Issued 3 new building permits and followed up on existing permits that are still in progress. Issued 3 high grass notices and all 3 property owners complied and mowed the grass Working with owner of 730 Chenango St on fire inspections for the complex. Village Water Consumption for : Sep-22 Read dates: Binghamton meter Fenton Large Fenton Small 9/30/2022 5667 32063330 6119094 8/31/2022 5621 31397268 6022414 Usage 46 666062 96680 Total cubic ft: 762788 __________________________________________________________________________________ Read dates: Town of Fenton Sewer Readings 9/30/2022 526699400 Rate: 4.5 8/31/2022 52622300 2.59 cu. Ft/min Time: 1:00pm Total 474077100 cu. ft. __________________________________________________________________________________ Wayne Read dates: Ave. sewer station readings (hours): Pump1 Pump 2 Pump 3 9/30/2022 6599 19351 17782 8/31/2022 6573 19326 17759 Totals 26 25 23 Total hrs. 74  The Village of Port Dickinson Department of Police Scot McDonald, Chief of Police Police Department Monthly Report Report Month: September Police Commissioner: Trustee J. DeGennaro Report Year: 2022 Chief: Scot McDonald Report Date: 10/03/2022 Deputy Village Clerk: Corina M. Beames Total Complaints Received:64 (82) Med calls-11 Escort-1 Property checks-2 Domestic-1 Assistance rendered- 5 Transport-1 Check welfare-5 MVA/PD-4 PDFD-2 Suspicious-5 Vehicle repo-1 Mental health-4 DV-2 911 hang up-1 Disturbance-1 Road hazard-1 Miscellaneous-15*Includes Assist other agencies, Lockouts, Alarms, Parking Comp., Animals, Traffic lights, Information, code enforcement, special details, vacant properties , and Etc. Report of the ALARMS RESPONSE TIMES CHIEF Fire 15 Avg Members Response (F) 2.66 Med Avg 1 September 2022 EMS 6 Avg Alarm to Response 6.22 0700-1500 10 Standby Avg Alarm to Arrival 9.77 1500-2300 8 Total 21 Total Time in Service (hh:mm) 7:15 2300-0700 3 MUTUAL AID LOCATION DOLLAR LOSS/VALUE Given 10 Village of Port Dickinson 9 Fire Loss Received 4 Town of Dickinson 2 Property Engine 94 Town of Fenton 9 Saved No Tone Town of Chenango Town of Kirkwood Alarms City of Binghamton  CASUALTIES YTD Fire Service Injured 0 1 Fire Service Death 0 Civilian Injured 0 5 Civilian Death 0 CODE DESCRIPTION YTD CODE DESCRIPTION YTD 111 Building Fire 7 4441 Power/Cable Line Down 9 114 Chimney Fire 1 445 Arcing electrical equipment 1 131 Passenger Vehicle fire 2 3 520 Water Problem, other 1 2 142 Brush Fire 2 550 Public Service Assistance 1 150 Outside Rubbish Fire 1 571 Standby/Moveup 9 Dispatched, Canceled 311 Medical Assist, Assist EMS 2 611 5 25 enroute 320 Emergency Medial Service 4 46 651 Smoke Scare, Odor of Smoke 4 321 EMS Incident, Except MVA 2 16 700 False Call, False Alarm, Other 4 322 MVA w/ Injury 2 714 False Alarm - Malicious 1 Alarm Activation - 323 Vehicle vs Ped Accident 1 735 1 Malfunction 324 MVA w/out Injuries 1 1 745 Alarm Activation - Unintentional 2 8 350 Rescue/Extrication, other 1 746 CO Alarm Activation, No CO 5 355 Confined Space Rescue 1 800 Severe Weather, other 2 412 Gas Leak (NG or LPG) 1 2 813 Windstorm Assessment 3 4121 Gas Leak, no leak found 1 3 424 Carbon Monoxide Incident 1 2 440 Electrical/Wiring Problem 1 1 444 Power Line Down 2 TOTAL 21 169 Report of the Chief September 2022 Training Average Total SUMMARY Hours Members Man Offered Present Hours September 6 4.75 24 YTD Totals 111 5.275 650 Non Department 35 Training 30 32 TRAINING Training Total Hours Members Man Wk Date Lesson Offered Present Hours  9/8/2022 NY Fire Police Meeting 1 3 3 9/12/2022 BC Animal Rescue Team 2 1 2 9/12/2022 Monthly Department Meeting 9 9/13/2022 BC Animal Rescue Training 6 1 6 9/17/2022 Wildland Search Training 3 1 3 9/18/2022 Endwell 100th Anniversary Parade 2 2 4 Andy Fredericks Training Days (9/19- 9/19/2022 18 1 18 9/21) 9/19/2022 SOP Review 2 6 12 9/26/2022 PD Elementary Preplan/Walkthrough 2 4 8