Tree Board Meeting

TOWN OF WEAVERVILLE Tree Board Meeting Wednesday February 5, 2025, 6:00 p.m. Agenda Pg 1. Call to Order Chairman Kantner 2. Adoption of Agenda …………………. 1 Chairman Kantner 3. Approval of Minutes Jan. 8, 2025 ……………………… 2 Chairman Kantner 4. Set Arbor Day date in April ……………..……………… 6 Chairman Kantner 5. Continued CODE Chapter 32, Species List- trees and vegetation …………………………………………….. 7 Chairman Kantner 6. Adjournment Tree Board - Jan. 08 2025 Minutes Wednesday, January 8, 2025 at 6:00 PM Council Chambers The Tree Board held a regular meeting on Wednesday, January 8, 2025, at 6:00 p.m. in Town Council Chambers, 30 S. Main Street, Weaverville, N.C. 1. Call to Order Roll Call Tree Board Members Present: Chairman Russ Kantner, Pauline Griffith, Inger Stallman Jorgensen, Jeff Colavecchia, Gary Harmon, Caroline Lord, Caleb Hudson. Absent: Greg Sanfilippo Staff Present: Town Clerk Tamara Mercer and Planning Director James Eller. 2. Adopt Agenda Gary Harmon Moved to adopt the agenda. Carried unanimously. 3. Adopt 2025 Tree Board Meeting Schedule Chairman Kantner moved to adopt the 2025 Tree Board Meeting Schedule. Carried unanimously. 4. Approval of Minutes- December 4, 2025 Inger Stallman Jorgensen moved to approve the December 4, 2024 Tree Board meeting minutes. 2  Carried unanimously. 5. Tree Conservation Regulations, Planning Director Eller Planning Director Eller presented the Staff report for Section 20-2309 Conservation Subdivision Standards and reviewed the Tree Conservation regulations. The current goals of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), last updated in November 2023, call for the consideration of tree conservation regulations. The goal of considering the tree conservation regulation was also given number 2 (medium) priority within the CLUP giving staff the direction to accomplish or address the stated goal within 24 months. This is recently enacted conservation subdivision standards for large undeveloped or underutilized parcels within municipal borders. Mr. Eller pointed out that the Planning Department administers the Code of Ordinances for all property owners within the Town limits and the Tree Board addresses the trees on Town owned property such as the Town's parks, and town owned facilities, and public streets rights-of-way. Current town ordinance requires development of a certain type or scope to comply with landscape regulations. These regulations include the submittal of a landscape plan, landscaping requirements that require at least 5% of the subject property to be landscaped, street tree requirements, and landscaping requirements for off street parking and loading areas. These landscape regulations do provide a credit for existing trees of a certain size to be preserved instead of planting new required trees so there exists a built-in incentive if it is chosen by the property owner. Mr. Eller pointed out that the Planning Board lowered the threshold to 10 lots in order to capture more lots under the tree conservation initiative. There was a question-and-answer period. In response to Mr. Harmon's question regarding a text amendment implementation, Mr. Eller explained the Town Council timeline, and we expect Town Council to set a public hearing date for February for these proposed regulations. In response to Mr. Harmon's question regarding landscape plan enforcement, Mr. Eller explained the Land Development Code regulations in the commercial, industrial and business districts, and for residential housing in R-1, R-2, and R-12 multi-family subdivisions, with respect to bonds and performance guarantees are in play for the Town's site plan enforcement upon completion of projects. Upon such completion, the town returns the fees. Mr. Eller further explained the permitting process with respect to Technical Review Committee for infrastructure, administration, engineering, and roadway improvements. Mr. Eller expounded on parking lots, landscaping and tree islands on commercial projects, with respect to percentage calculations for landscaping and open space requirements in the code. Mr. Eller agreed that an updated tree and landscaping species list is long overdue, and once the proposed Tree Board recommended species list, that submission is put before 3  the Town Council for final consideration, once approved the suitable species list becomes adopted by ordinance. Mr. Eller added that in the proposed text amendments are the Planning Board recommendations for lowering the parking space requirements. A decrease of parking spaces could be included for commercial and residential lots and thus allow for more landscape and green space. 6. Continued CODE Chapter 32, Species List trees and vegetation Tree Board members' deliberations regarding the species list, for large, medium and small trees. Deliberations regarding Eastern and Carolina Hemlock ensued. Ms. Lord explained the initiative to save the Hemlock trees with pesticide treatments are proving successful. The Tree Board could campaign to educate the public that Hemlock is good for our ecosystem. There was further discussion on the American Elm. Gary Harmon made a motion to remove the hybrid Cornus kousa or Florida flowering Dogwood, from the species list. Carried unanimously. Ms. Stallman pointed out that planting new ash trees is not recommended due to emerald ash borer which feeds on our species of Ash trees. Inger Stallman Jorgensen made a motion to remove Fraxinus americana, or White Ash and Fraxinus pennsylvania or Green Ash from the species list. Carried unanimously. 7. RFQ Tree Inventory presentation/review Mr. Colavecchia submitted the request for quotation for conducting a comprehensive inventory of public trees, develop an urban forest management plan, and provide recommendations for tree conservation, risk management, and long-term sustainability. The project will support data-driven decision-making to enhance urban tree health, mitigate risks, and improve ecological services. Staff recommends the Tree Board approve the Request for Quote services for tree inventory, first phase to begin at the Lake Louise portion of the Town Park and rights-of- way. This RFQ will need to be brought before Council during their budgetary deliberations process as a request of the Tree Board's Fiscal Year 2025-26 budget item. After board member review the general consensus to change section 2. Scope of Work under B. diameter from 25 to 30", and Section 6. Evaluation Criteria as follows: • Experience and expertise in urban forestry and conservation (25%). • Proposed methodology and innovation (25%). 4  • Cost and overall value (25%). • References and past performance (15%). • Commitment to public engagement and education (10%). Pauline Griffith made a motion to approve the RFQ with the aforementioned adjustments. Carried unanimously. 8. Adjournment Chairman Kantner noted that Arbor Day date and discussion to be addressed at the February meeting. There being no further business, and without objection, Chairman Kantner adjourned the meeting at 7:35 p.m. Town Clerk 5  TOWN OF WEAVERVILLE TREE BOARD AGENDA ITEM MEETING DATE: February 5, 2025 SUBJECT: Arbor Day Celebration PRESENTER: Chairman Kantner ATTACHMENTS: 0 DESCRIPTION: Arbor Day Foundation & Tree City USA Typically held in April, Tree Board to set date and discuss Arbor Day Celebration program. 6  TOWN OF WEAVERVILLE TREE BOARD AGENDA ITEM MEETING DATE: February 5, 2025 SUBJECT: Tree Board Chapter 32 Species List PRESENTER: Chairman Kantner ATTACHMENTS: reference excel spreadsheet, due to data base size and format, the full document is not attached here DESCRIPTION: Tree Board to conduct review of species list Continued from January 8, 2025 meeting, the species plant list revision. Weaverville approved plants list from Chapter 32, vegetation has been assigned to various Tree Board members for individual review. Their recommendations to be brought before the Board for further deliberations. On 12/4/2024 the species list was tabbed to include the trees according to size, as well as the plant list format. Board members seek to cull this list to exclude/include some plantings no longer relevant to our region, and seek additional input from arborists, foresters, the general public, and landscapers in the aftermath of our region hit by Hurricane Helene as a great loss of the tree canopy has occurred. On 1/8/2025 The Tree Board carried out deliberations regarding the large, medium and small trees on the species list. To recap the actions taken and recorded in the minutes: Gary Harmon made a motion to remove the hybrid Cornus kousa or Florida flowering Dogwood, from the species list. Carried unanimously. Inger Stallman Jorgensen made a motion to remove Fraxinus americana, or White Ash and Fraxinus pennsylvania or Green Ash from the species list. Carried unanimously. To Be Continued:plants, small, medium, tall shrubs, ground covers, vines, grasses & sedges, ferns. 7  Expected Botanical Name Common Name Web page Height Small Shrubs (up to approximately 4′ tall) Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea 3 Ceanothus americanus (Mountain Snowbell, New Jersey Tea) | North Carolina Extension Garden Diervilla lonicera Northern Bush-honeysuckle 3 Diervilla lonicera (Northern Bush-honeysuckle) - FSUS (unc.edu) Diervilla sessilifolia Southern Bush Honeysuckle 5 Southern Bush Honeysuckle Fothergilla gardenii Dwarf Witchalder 4 Fothergilla gardenii (Coastal Witch-alder, Dwarf Fothergilla) | North Carolina Extension Gardene Hypericum frondosum Cedarglade St. Johnswort 3 Hypericum frondosum (Cedarglade St. Johnswort, St. John's wort) | North Carolina Extension Ga Hypericum prolificum Shrubby St. Johnswort 4 Hypericum prolificum (Common St. John's Wort, Shrubby St. John's Wort, St. John's Wort) | Nor Leucothoe fontanesiana doghobble 3' https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/leucothoe-fontanesiana Rhus aromatica Fragrant Sumac 4' https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhus-aromatica/ Xanthorhiza simplicissima Yellowroot 2 Xanthorhiza simplicissima (Brook-feather, Parsley-leaved Yellowroot, Scurvyroot, Shrub Yellowro Medium Shrubs (approximately 5-10′ tall) Aronia arbutifolia Red Chokeberry 8 Aronia arbutifolia (Chokeberry, Red Chokeberry) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Too Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry 5 Aronia melanocarpa (Black Berried Aronia, Black Chokeberry) | North Carolina Extension Garden Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry 6 Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry, American Mulberry, Beautyberry, French Mulberry Calycanthus floridus Sweetshrub 9 Calycanthus floridus (Bubby Bush, Carolina Allspice, Common Sweetshrub, Spicebush, Sweet Bet Clethra alnifolia Clethra alnifolia 10' Clethra alnifolia / Sweet Pepperbush Corylus americana Hazelwood 10 Corylus americana (American Filbert, American Hazelnut, Hazelnut) | North Carolina Extension G Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood 7 Cornus amomum (Kinnikinnik, Pale Dogwood, Red Willow, Silky Cornel, Silky Dogwood, Swamp D Euonymus americanus Hearts-a-Bustin' 8 Euonymus americanus (Hearts A'busting, Strawberry Bush) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Fothergilla latifolia (F. major) Mountain Witchalder 6 Fothergilla latifolia (Large Fothergilla, Large Witch-alder) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Pl Hydrangea arborescens Wild Hydrangea 6 Hydrangea arborescens (Hills of Snow, Hortensia, Hydrangea, Sevenbark, Seven Bark, Smooth H Hypericum densiflorum Bushy St. Johnswort 6 Hypericum densiflorum (Bushy St. John's Wort, Dense St. John's Wort) | North Carolina Extensio Ilex glabra Inkberry holly 6' Inkberry Holly Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire 10 Itea virginica (Itea, Virginia Sweetspire, Virginia Sweet Spire, Virginia Willow) | North Carolina Ex Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel 6 Kalmia latifolia (Calico Bush, Ivy Bush, Laurel, Mountain Ivy, Mountain Laurel, Sheepkill, Spoonw Lindera benzoin Spicebush 10 Lindera benzoin (Northern Spicebush, Spicebush, Spice Bush) | North Carolina Extension Garden Photinia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry 8 Now Aronia mealanocarpa - see above Photinia pyrifolia Red Chokeberry 5 Now Aronia arbutifolia - see above Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark 10 Physocarpus opulifolius (Atlantic Ninebark, Common Ninebark, Eastern Ninebark, Ninebark, Nine Rhododendron calendulaceum Flame Azalea 10 Rhododendron calendulaceum (Flame Azalea) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbo Rhododendron minus (R. carolinianum) Carolina Rhododendron 6 Rhododendron minus (Carolina Rhododendron, Dwarf Rhododendron, Minus, Piedmont Rhodod Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba Rhondendron 8 Rhododendron catawbiense (Catawba Rhododendron, Mountain Rosebay, Purple Rhododendro Rhododendron cumberlandense Cumberland Azalea 8 Rhododendron cumberlandense (Cumberland Azalea) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plan Rhododendron periclymenoides Pinxterbloom 8 Rhododendron periclymenoides (Pinxterbloom Azalea, Pinxter Flower, Wild Azalea) | North Caro 8 Rhus copallinum (R.copallina) Shining Sumac 8 Rhus copallinum (Dwarf Sumac, Flameleaf Sumac, Shining Sumac, Winged Sumac) | North Caroli Rosa carolina Carolina Rose 5 Rosa carolina (Carolina Rose, Pasture Rose) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ( Rosa palustris Swamp Rose 8 Rosa palustris (Swamp Rose) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Sambucus canadensis Elderberry 10 Sambucus canadensis (American Elder, American Elderberry, Common Elderberry, Elderberry) | Spiraea virginiana Virginia Meadowsweet 8 Spiraea virginiana (Virginia Spiraea) - FSUS (unc.edu) Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush 4' https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/spiraea-tomentosa/ Viburnum acerifolium Mapleleaf Viburnum 6 Viburnum acerifolium (Maple Leaf Viburnum, Mapleleaf Viburnum) | North Carolina Extension G Viburnum dentatum Southern Arrowwood 10 Viburnum dentatum (Arrow-wood Viburnum, Arrowwood Viburnum, Southern Arrowwood) | N Viburnum nudum Possumhaw Viburnum 8 Viburnum nudum (Possumhaw Viburnum, Smooth Witherod, Southern Wild Raisin, Wild Raisin) Tall Shrubs (over approximately 10′ tall) Alnus serrulata Hazel Alder 12 Alnus serrulata (Alder, Hazel Alder, Smooth Alder, Tag Alder) | North Carolina Extension Garden Castanea pumila Allegheny Chinquapin 14 Castanea pumila (Allegheny Chinquapin, American Chinquapin, Chinquapin, Common Chinquapi Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush 15 Cephalanthus occidentalis (Buttonbush, Button Bush) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Clethra acuminata Cinnamon Clethra 12 Clethra acuminata (Cinnamonbark Clethra, Cinnamon Clethra, Mountain Pepperbush, Mountain Hamamelis virginiana Common Witchhazel 15 Hamamelis virginiana (Common Witchhazel, Common Witch Hazel, Southern Witch Hazel, Witch Ilex decidua Possumhaw 30 Ilex decidua (Possumhaw, Possum-haw, Possum Haw Holly, Possumhaw Holly, Swamp Holly) | N Ilex montana Mountain Winterberry 30 Ilex montana (Mountain Holly, Mountain Winterberry) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plan Lindera benzoin Spicewood 12 Lindera benzoin (Northern Spicebush, Spicebush, Spice Bush) | North Carolina Extension Garden Prunus virginiana Chokecherry 20 Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry, Choke Cherry, Common Chokecherry) | North Carolina Extensio Rhododendron arborescens Sweet Azalea 18 Rhododendron arborescens (Smooth Azalea, Sweet Azalea) | North Carolina Extension Gardene Rhododendron maximum Rosebay Rhododendron 20 Rhododendron maximum (Great Rhododendron, Max, Rosebay Rhododendron, White Laurel) | Rhododendron vaseyi Pinkshell Azalea 12 Rhododendron vaseyi (Pinkshell Azalea) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncs Rhododendron viscosum Swamp Azalea 15 Rhododendron viscosum (Clammy Azalea, Swamp Azalea, Swamp Honeysuckle) | North Carolina Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac 12 Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac 20 Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry 12 Vaccinium corymbosum (Highbush Blueberry, Smooth Highbush Blueberry) | North Carolina Ext Viburnum cassinoides Witherod 15 Viburnum cassinoides (Blue Haw, Northern Wild Raisin, Swamp Haw, Wild Raisin, Withe-rod, Wi Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Viburnum 16 Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw, Black Haw, Blackhaw Viburnum, Nannyberry, Plum Leaf Vibur Viburnum rufidulum Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum 15 Viburnum rufidulum (Rusty Blackhaw, Rusty Black Haw, Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum, Rusty Nanny Small to Medium Trees (to approximately 50 ft. tall) Amelanchier arborea Downy Serviceberry 25 Amelanchier arborea (Alabama Serviceberry, Downy Serviceberry, Juneberries, Serviceberry, Ser Amelanchier laevis Allegheny Serviceberry 25 Amelanchier laevis (Allegheny Serviceberry, Coastal Plain Serviceberry, June Berry, Smooth-leav Asimina triloba Pawpaw 25 Asimina triloba (Common Pawpaw, Pawpaw) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam 30 Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Hornbeam, Ironwood, Musclewood, Mu Cercis canadensis Redbud 25 Cercis canadensis (American Judas Tree, American Redbud, Eastern Redbud, Redbud) | North Ca 9  Chionanthus virginicus Fringetree 25 Chionanthus virginicus (American Fringetree, American Fringe Tree, Fringetree, Fringe Tree, Gra Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood 50 Cladrastis kentukea (American yellowwood, Yellowwood) | North Carolina Extension Gardener P Cornus alternifolia Alternateleaf Dogwood 25 Cornus alternifolia (Alternate-leaf Dogwood, Alternateleaf Dogwood, Pagoda Dogwood) | North Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood 25 Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.ed Chinese x Flowering Dogwood Cornus kousa x florida* 25 hybrid Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn 25 Crataegus phaenopyrum (Hawthorn, Thornapple, Washington Hawthorn) | North Carolina Exten Frangula caroliniana Carolina Buckthorn 35 Frangula caroliniana (Carolina Buckthorn) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (n Halesia carolina (H. tetraptera) Mountain Silverbell 40 Halesia carolina (Carolina Silverbell, Common Silverbell, Little Silverbell, Mountain Silverbell, Silv Ilex opaca American Holly 30 Ilex opaca (American Holly, Holly, Winterberry) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolb Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar 50 Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Redcedar) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncs Malus angustifolia Southern Crabapple 25 Malus angustifolia (Narrowleaf Crab, Narrowleaf Crabapple, Southern Crabapple, Wild Crab, Wil Malus coronaria Sweet Crabapple 20 Malus coronaria (American Crabapple, Garland Crab, Sweet Crabapple, Wild Crabapple) | North Magnolia acuminata Mountain magnolia 40 Magnolia acuminata (Cucumber Magnolia, Cucumber Tree, Cucumber-tree, Cucumbertree Magn Magnolia tripetala Cucumber Tree 30 Magnolia tripetala (Umbrella Magnolia, Umbrella-tree) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Pla Ostrya virginiana Eastern Hophornbeam 40 Ostrya virginiana (American Hop-hornbeam, Eastern Hop Hornbeam, Hop Hornbeam, Hop Horn Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood 30 Oxydendrum arboreum (Lily of the Valley Tree, Sorrel Tree, Sourwood) | North Carolina Extensio Prunus americana American Plum 25 Prunus americana (American Plum, American Wild Plum, Wild Plum) | North Carolina Extension Ptelea trifoliata Hoptree 20 Ptelea trifoliata (Hoptree, Hop-tree, Stinking Ash, Wafer-ash) | North Carolina Extension Garden Robinia viscosa Clammy Locust 40 Robinia viscosa (Clammy Locust) - FSUS (unc.edu) Salix sericea Silky Willow 12 Salix sericea (Silky Willow) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Sassafras albidum Sassafras 40 Sassafras albidum (Cinnamon Wood, Common Sassafras, Mitten Tree, Sassafras, White Sassafra Stewartia ovata Mountain Stewartia 20 Stewartia ovata (Mountain Camellia, Mountain Stewartia, Summer Dogwood) | North Carolina E Symplocos tinctoria Horse Sugar 30 Symplocos tinctoria (Horsesugar, Horse-sugar, Sweetleaf) | North Carolina Extension Gardener P Medium to Large Trees (over approximately 50 ft. tall) Acer negundo Boxelder 60 Acer negundo (Ash-Leaf Maple, Ashleaf maple, Boxelder, Box elder) | North Carolina Extension G Acer rubrum Red Maple 70 Acer rubrum (Carolina Maple, Red Maple, Scarlet Maple, Soft Maple, Swamp Maple) | North Car Acer saccharinum Silver Maple 80 Acer saccharinum (River Maple, Silverleaf Maple, Silver Maple, Swamp Maple, Water Maple, Wh Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 80 Acer saccharum (Hard Maple, Leucoderme, Northern Sugar Maple, Sugar Maple) | North Carolin Aesculus flava Yellow Buckeye 70 Aesculus flava (Big Buckeye, Sweet Buckeye, Yellow Buckeye) | North Carolina Extension Garden Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch 75 Betula alleghaniensis (Golden Birch, Swamp Birch, Yellow Birch) | North Carolina Extension Gard Betula nigra River Birch 70 Betula nigra (Black Birch, Red Birch, River Birch, Water Birch) | North Carolina Extension Garden Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory 75 Carya cordiformis (Bitter Hickory, Bitternut, Bitternut Hickory, Bitter Pecan, Pig Hickory, Red Hic Carya glabra Pignut Hickory 80 Carya glabra (Broom Hickory, Coast Pignut Hickory, Pignut, Pignut Hickory, Red Hickory, Small Fr Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory 75 Carya ovata (Common Shagbark Hickory, Shagbark Hickory) | North Carolina Extension Gardene Carya pallida Sand Hickory 90 Carya pallida (Pale Hickory, Sand Hickory) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (n 10  Carya tomentosa Mockernut Hickory 85 Carya tomentosa (Big-bud Hickory, Mockernut Hickory, Squarenut, White Heart Hickory, White H 115 Castanea dentata** American Chestnut (potential) Castanea dentata (American Chestnut, Chestnut) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Too Celtis occidentalis Hackberry 60 Celtis occidentalis (American Hackberry, Beaverwood, Common Hackberry, False Elm, Hackberry Diospyros virginiana Persimmon 55 Diospyros virginiana (American Persimmon, Common Persimmon, Date Plum, Eastern Persimmo Fagus grandifolia American Beech 80 Fagus grandifolia (American Beech, Beech, Beechnut Tree, Red Beech, Ridge Beech, White Beech Fraxinus americana White Ash 80 Fraxinus americana (American Ash, White Ash) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolb Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash 80 Fraxinus pennsylvanica (American Ash, Canadian Ash, Green Ash, Red Ash, Water Ash) | North C Juglans nigra Black Walnut 100 Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum 75 Liquidambar styraciflua (American Sweet Gum, Redgum, Red Sweet Gum, Sweetgum, Sweet Gum Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree 100 Liriodendron tulipifera (Canary Whitehood, Canoewood, Lyre Tree, North American Whitewood Magnolia fraseri Umbrella Tree 60 Magnolia fraseri (Earleaf Cucumber Tree, Earleaf Magnolia, Earleaf Umbrella Tree, Fraser Magno Morus rubra Red Mulberry 60 Morus rubra (Common Mulberry, Mulberry, Red Mulberry) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum 60 Nyssa sylvatica (Blackgum, Black Gum, Black Tupelo, Common Tupelo Tree, Cotton Gum, Nyssa, Pinus echinata Shortleaf Pine 100 Pinus echinata (Old-Field Pine, Rosemary Pine, Short-Leaf Pine, Shortleaf Pine, Yellow Pine) | No Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine 80 Pinus strobus (Eastern White Pine, North American White Pine, Northern White Pine, Soft Pine, Pinus virginiana Virginia Pine 70 Pinus virginiana (Jersey Pine, Possum Pine, Scrub Pine, Spruce Pine, Virginia Pine) | North Carolin Platanus occidentalis Sycamore 100 Platanus occidentalis (American Plane Tree, American Sycamore, Buttonball Tree, Buttonwood, Prunus serotina Black Cherry 80 Prunus serotina (Black Cherry, Wild Cherry, Wild Rum Cherry) | North Carolina Extension Garden Quercus alba White Oak 90 Quercus alba (American White Oak, Eastern White Oak, Forked-leaf White Oak, Northern White Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak 70 Quercus coccinea (Black oak, Scarlet oak) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (nc Quercus falcata Southern Red Oak 75 Quercus falcata (Oaks, Southern Red Oak, Swamp Red Oak, Swamp Spanish Oak, Water Oak) | N Quercus imbricaria Shingle Oak 80 Quercus imbricaria (Laurel, Oaks, Shingle Oak) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbo Quercus montana Chestnut Oak 75 Quercus montana (Basket Oak, Chestnut Oak, Oaks, Rock Chestnut Oak, Rock Oak) | North Caro Quercus muehlenbergii Chinkapin Oak 70 Quercus muehlenbergii (Chinkapin Oak, Chinquapin Oak, Oaks) | North Carolina Extension Garde Quercus rubra Red Oak 75 Quercus rubra (American Red Oak, Eastern Red Oak, Mountain Red Oak, Northern Red Oak, Oak Quercus stellata Post Oak 80 Quercus stellata (Oaks, Post Oak) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Quercus velutina Black Oak 90 Quercus velutina (Black Oak, Eastern Black Oak, Yellow Oak) | North Carolina Extension Gardene Salix nigra Black Willow 80 Salix nigra (Black Willow) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Tilia americana American Linden or Basswood 80 Tilia americana (American Basswood, American Linden, Basswood, Bee Tree, Carolina Basswood Tsuga canadensis*** Eastern Hemlock 90 Tsuga canadensis (Canada hemlock, Canadian Hemlock, Eastern Hemlock, Hemlock Spruce, Spru Tsuga caroliniana*** Carolina Hemlock 65 Tsuga caroliniana (Carolina Hemlock) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.e Ulmus alata Winged Elm 80 Ulmus alata (Cork Elm, Small Leaf Elm, Wahoo, Winged Elm, Witch Elm) | North Carolina Extens Vines Bignonia capreolata Cross Vine Bignonia capreolata (Crossvine, Cross-Vine, Trumpet Flower) | North Carolina Extension Garden 11  Campsis radicans Trumpet Flower Campsis radicans (Cow-itch, Cow Vine, Devil's Shoestring, Foxglove Vine, Hellvine, Trumpet Cree Clematis virginiana Clematis (Virgin's Bower) Clematis virginiana (Devil's Darning Needles, Old Man's Beard, Virgin's-Bower, Woodbine) | Nor Lonicera sempervirens Coral Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens (Coral Honeysuckle, Honeysuckle, Trumpet Honeysuckle, Woodbine) | N Passiflora Lutea Eastern Yellow Passionflower Passiflora lutea Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper, Virginia-creeper, Woodbine) | North Carolina Ext Wisteria frutescens American Wisteria Wisteria frutescens (American Wisteria, Kentucky Wisteria, Texas Wisteria) | North Carolina Ext Ground Covers Antennaria plantaginifolia Pussytoes Antennaria plantaginifolia (Everlasting, Ladies' Tabacco, Mouse Ear, Plantain-Leaved Everlasting, Asarum canadense Wild Ginger Asarum canadense (Canadian Wild Ginger, Common Wild Ginger, Wild Ginger) | North Carolina Carex sp. Sedges (see below) Carex | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Chrysogonum virginianum var. australe Green-and-Gold Chrysogonum virginianum (Green and Gold) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox Iris cristata Dwarf Crested Iris Iris cristata (Crested Iris, Dwarf Crested Iris, Iris) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolb Meehania cordata Creeping Mint Meehania cordata (Meehania) - FSUS (unc.edu) Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny Spurge Pachysandra procumbens (Allegheny Spurge, Mountain Pachysandra) | North Carolina Extension Phlox stolonifera Creeping Phlox Phlox stolonifera (Creeping Phlox, Star Rock Phlox) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant To Tiarella cordifolia Heartleaf Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia (False Miterwort, Foamflower) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Too Viola sp. Violets Grasses & Sedges Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem, Bluestem, Broomsedge, Turkey Foot) | North Carolina Exten Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus (Beard Grass, Bluestem, Broomsedge, Broomstraw, Old-field Broomstraw Arundinaria gigantea Giant Cane Arundinaria gigantea (Canebreak Bamboo, Giant Cane, River Cane) | North Carolina Extension G Carex flaccosperma Blue Wood Sedge Carex flaccosperma (Blue Wood Sedge, Meadow Sedge, Sedges, Thinfruit Sedge) | North Carolin Carex platyphylla Blue Satin Sedge Carex platyphylla (Broad Leaf Sedge, Sedges, Silver Sedge) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Carex plantaginea Seersucker Sedge Carex plantaginea (Broad-leafed Sedge, Plantain-leafed Sedge, Sedges, Seersucker Sedge) | Nort Carex stricta Tussock Sedge Carex stricta (Tussock Sedge) - FSUS (unc.edu) Carex pensylvanica Oak Sedge Carex pensylvanica (Oak Sedge, Pennsylvania Sedge, Plantainleaf Sedge, Rush, Sedge, Sedges, Se Carex appalachica Appalachian Sedge Carex appalachica (Appalachian Sedge) - FSUS (unc.edu) Chasmanthium latifolium River Oats Chasmanthium latifolium (Indian Wood Oats, Inland Sea Oats, Northern Sea Oats, River Oats, W Danthonia compressa Oat Grass Danthonia compressa (Mountain Oat-grass) - FSUS (unc.edu) Avenella flexuosa (Deschampsia flexuosa) Wavy Hair Grass Avenella flexuosa (Common Hairgrass) - FSUS (unc.edu) Elymus hystrix Bottle Brush Elymus hystrix (Bottle Brush Grass, Bottlebrush Grass) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plan Muhlenbergia capillaris Muhly Grass Muhlenbergia capillaris (Gulf Muhly, Hairgrass, Muhly Grass, Mule Grass, Pink Hair Grass, Pink M Panicum virgatum Switch Grass Panicum virgatum (Panic Grass, Panic Grasses, Switchgrass, Switch Grass, Tall Panic Grass, Thatc Erianthus giganteum (Saccharuum giganteum) Giant Plume Grass Erianthus giganteus (Giant Plumegrass, Giant Plume Grass, Sugarcane, Sugarcane Plumegrass, Su Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem, Prairie Beardgrass, Prairie Beard Grass) | North Carol 12  Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass, Yellow Indiangrass) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Tridens flavus Purple Top https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/tridens-flavus/ Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern Gamma Grass Tripsacum dactyloides (Eastern Gamagrass, Fakahatchee grass, Gama Grass) | North Carolina Ex Ferns Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair Fern Adiantum pedatum (Common Maidenhair, Northern Maidenhair, Northern Maidenhair Fern) | N Athyrium filix-femina Southern Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina (Common Lady Fern, Lady Fern) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plan Dryopteris carthusiana Shield fern Shield Fern Dryopteris filix-mas Male fern Male Fern Dryopteris marginalis Marginal Wood Fern Dryopteris marginalis (Evergreen Woodfern, Leather Wood Fern, Marginal Shield Fern, Marginal Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern Sensitive Fern Onoclea struthiopteris (Matteuccia struthiopteris) Ostrich Fern Onoclea struthiopteris (Fiddlehead Fern, Ostrich-Feather Fern, Ostrich Fern, Shuttlecock Fern) | Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (Osmunda cinnamomea) Cinnamon Fern Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (Cinnamon Fern) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Too Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Osmunda regalis (Flowering Fern, Royal Fern) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbo Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas Dagger, Christmas Dagger Fern, Christmas Fern) | North C Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern Thelypteris noveboracensis (New York Fern) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox Sitobolium punctilobulum Hay scented fern Hay Scented Fern * Hybrid is resistant to dogwood anthracnose that can infect Comus florida. ** Experimental hybrids with a high percentage American chestnut genes now available. *** Requires treatment to protect from hemlock wooly adelgid. 13  Notes th Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) h Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Wort, St. John's Wort) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ot, Scurvyroot, Shrub Yellowroot, Yellowroot, Yellow wort) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) rth Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Beautyberry, French Mulberry, Sour-bush) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) etshrub, Spicebush, Sweet Betsy, Sweet Bubby Bush, Sweetshrub, Sweet Shrub) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) rnel, Silky Dogwood, Swamp Dogwood) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Note name change to F. latifolia nbark, Seven Bark, Smooth Hydrangea, Wild Hydrangea) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ort) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) a Willow) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ain Laurel, Sheepkill, Spoonwood) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) th Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Now Aronia mealanocarpa - see above Now Aronia arbutifolia - see above tern Ninebark, Ninebark, Nine Bark) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Note name change to R. minus osebay, Purple Rhododendron, Rose Bay) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) lina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) wer, Wild Azalea) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) 14  Note misspelling on original list sion Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) mon Elderberry, Elderberry) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) m, Southern Arrowwood) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) hern Wild Raisin, Wild Raisin) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) th Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) nquapin, Common Chinquapin, Dwarf Chestnut) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) lina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) untain Pepperbush, Mountain Sweet-pepperbush) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) , Southern Witch Hazel, Witch Hazel, Witch-Hazel) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) mhaw Holly, Swamp Holly) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) olina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) th Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) rry) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) h Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ododendron, White Laurel) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Honeysuckle) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Should we allow southern Highbush? V. ueberry) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) w, Wild Raisin, Withe-rod, Witherod Viburnum) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Nannyberry, Plum Leaf Viburnum) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) khaw Viburnum, Rusty Nannyberry, Southern Black Haw, Southern Blackhaw Viburnum) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Juneberries, Serviceberry, Service-tree, Shadblow, Shadbush) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) erry, June Berry, Smooth-leaved serviceberry, Smooth Shadbush) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) nsion Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) , Ironwood, Musclewood, Muscle Wood, Water Beech) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) n Redbud, Redbud) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) 15  , Fringetree, Fringe Tree, Grancy Greybeard, Old Man's Beard, Sweetheart Tree, White Fringetree) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) od, Pagoda Dogwood) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) rdener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Should we allow hybrids? thorn) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) on Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Note name change to H. carolina tension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ern Crabapple, Wild Crab, Wild Crabapple) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) pple, Wild Crabapple) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ber-tree, Cucumbertree Magnolia) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) olina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) m, Hop Hornbeam, Hop Horn Beam, Ironwood, Leverwood, Wooly Hop hornbeam) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ood) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) m) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) th Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) nt Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ee, Sassafras, White Sassafras) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Dogwood) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) e, Swamp Maple) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) amp Maple, Water Maple, White Maple) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Sugar Maple) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) rth Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) th Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) er Pecan, Pig Hickory, Red Hickory, Swamp Hickory, White Hickory) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Hickory, Red Hickory, Small Fruited Hickory, Smoothbark Hickory, Swamp Hickory, Sweet Pignut Hickory, Switch Hickory) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu h Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) on Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) 16  White Heart Hickory, White Hickory) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ckberry, False Elm, Hackberry, Nettle Tree, Northern Hackberry) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Date Plum, Eastern Persimmon, Jove's Fruit, Persimmon, Possum Apples, Possumwood, Simmon, Winter Plum) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ch, Ridge Beech, White Beech) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) tension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ed Ash, Water Ash) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) t Gum, Sweetgum, Sweet Gum, Sweetgum Tree) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) North American Whitewood, Tulip Poplar, Tulip Tree, Western Poplar, Whitewood, Yellow Poplar, Yellow-Poplar) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Umbrella Tree, Fraser Magnolia, Mountain Magnolia) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) h Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) elo Tree, Cotton Gum, Nyssa, Pepperidge, Sour Gum, Tupelo) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ortleaf Pine, Yellow Pine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) rthern White Pine, Soft Pine, White Pine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) , Virginia Pine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) uttonball Tree, Buttonwood, Eastern Sycamore, Sycamore) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) rth Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) f White Oak, Northern White Oak, Oaks, Quebec Oak, White Oak) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) on Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Spanish Oak, Water Oak) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Oak, Rock Oak) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) orth Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) d Oak, Northern Red Oak, Oaks, Red Oak) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) h Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) t Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Bee Tree, Carolina Basswood, Lime Tree, Linden, White Basswood, White Wood) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) mlock, Hemlock Spruce, Spruce Pine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Note species epitaph misspelled in Should we add U. ameicana hybrids? th Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) 17  Vine, Hellvine, Trumpet Creeper, Trumpet Vine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) in's-Bower, Woodbine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Honeysuckle, Woodbine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) oodbine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Wisteria) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) , Plantain-Leaved Everlasting, Plantain-Leaved Pussytoes, Plantain Pussytoes, Pussytoes) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Wild Ginger) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Shoud we remove this and only reference idividual species? Why specify a variety? xtension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ra) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) a Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Many are non-native. y Foot) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) mstraw, Old-field Broomstraw) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) infruit Sedge) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ges, Seersucker Sedge) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) edge, Rush, Sedge, Sedges, Seersucker Sedge) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) hern Sea Oats, River Oats, Wild Oats, Wood-oat) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) note name change to Avenella flexuosa olina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Grass, Pink Hair Grass, Pink Muhly, Pink Muhly Grass, Purple Muhly) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Grass, Tall Panic Grass, Thatchgrass, Wild Redtop) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Note name change to E. giganteum ie Beard Grass) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) 18  lina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ma Grass) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Northern Maidenhair Fern) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) lina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Marginal Shield Fern, Marginal Woodfern, Marginal Wood Fern) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Note name change to O. struthiopteris Note name change to Osmundastrum cinnamomeum ension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) ern, Christmas Fern) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) nsion Gardener Plant Toolbox (ncsu.edu) Add Sitobolium punctilobulum (hay-scented fern)? 19