Green Committee

AGENDA Green Committee City of Calistoga Tuesday, February 10, 2026 | 3:30 PM Calistoga Community Center 1307 Washington Street Calistoga, CA 94515 MEMBERS Antoinette Mailliard, Chair Sean Birge, Vice Chair Bobbie Casey, Member Hilary Simone, Member Jeremy Grove, Member CITY COUNCIL LIAISON Kevin Eisenberg, Councilmember STAFF LIAISONS Greg Desmond, Planning & Building Director Lauren Clark, Assistant Planner City Hall 1232 Washington Street | Calistoga, CA 94515 Phone (707)942-2805 | Fax: (707) 942-0732 www.calistogaca.gov Green Committee Agenda February 10, 2026 GENERAL INFORMATION The Green Committee meets as specified in its adopted annual calendar on the second Tuesday of each month at 3:30 P.M. in regular session at 1307 Washington Street, Calistoga, CA 94515. Additional meetings may be scheduled as needed. Information Available: Documents related to this meeting are available on our Meeting Portal; or by contacting the City Clerk. Any documents related to an agenda item, after distribution of the agenda packet, are available for public inspection at City Hall. Governing Law: The Green Committee conducts all meetings in accordance with the "Ralph M. Brown Act" (California Government Code Sections 54950, et seq.) and pursuant to the City of Calistoga Committee Bylaws, City of Calistoga Code of Ethics, ordinances of the City, and applicable state law. Access to Public Meetings: In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, individuals requiring special assistance to participate in this meeting may contact the City Clerk’s Office at (707) 942-2807. To facilitate proper arrangements, we kindly request that any requests for reasonable accommodations be submitted at least 48 hours in advance of the scheduled meeting. Wheelchair access to the Calistoga Community Center and a speaker's microphone are available to all persons. Para obtener la traducción de documentos o asistencia especial para participar en esta reunión, comuníquese con la Oficina del Secretario Municipal al (707) 942-2807. Para facilitar los arreglos adecuados, le solicitamos que cualquier solicitud de adaptaciones razonables se envíe al menos 48 horas antes de la reunión programada. How to Participate - Written Comments: To submit a general public comment or to comment on a specific agenda item, please direct your email to publiccomment@calistogaca.gov. To guarantee that your comments are received and distributed appropriately, the subject line of your email should clearly state “Green Committee,” along with the relevant agenda item, if applicable. Comments must be submitted at least four hours prior to the meeting start time to be included in the agenda and posted online. Comments received thereafter, will be made part of the official record and given to the Committee after the meeting. How to Participate - Oral Comments: In accordance with the California Government Code Section 54954.3, members of the public are permitted to address the Green Committee during the designated public comment period and in relation to any agenda item under consideration. Each participant has the option to provide their name for the record prior to speaking and will be allotted three (3) minutes for their remarks. The Chair reserves the right to limit public comments should they become irrelevant to the agenda item or if they are repetitive of previous statements. Furthermore, the Chair is responsible for maintaining order and decorum throughout the meeting. 2026 Green Committee Work Plan 1. Conduct Public Outreach & Education 2. Research & Advise on Installation of Publicly Available EV Infrastructure & Transportation 3. Research & Propose Low-Carbon Concrete Solutions 4. Research & Propose Night Sky Regulation 5. Research & Propose City Regulation/Policy & Events that Support Pollinator Friendly Practices 6. Research & Propose Renewable Energy Infrastructure on Public Sites 7. Research & Propose Expanding the Use of Recycled Water 8. Propose Urban Forestry, Native Plant Programs, and Bee City Resolution 9. Support the Regional Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (RCAAP) 10. Research & Propose Anti-Idling Solutions Page 2 of 35 Green Committee Agenda February 10, 2026 1. CALL TO ORDER 2. ROLL CALL 3. PUBLIC COMMENTS An opportunity for members of the public to directly address the Committee on topics of interest that are not included on the agenda. Individuals wishing to speak must state their name and address and are requested to limit their comments to four minutes. In accordance with the restrictions set forth by the Brown Act, the Committee is unable to engage in substantive discussions or take action on issues that are not outlined in the agenda. 4. SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS Members of the public or other agencies may present information or items of concern to the Committee. 5. APPROVAL OF MINUTES The official vote by the Committee to accept or amend the minutes of previous meetings. 5.1. Approval of draft minutes from the previous regular meeting Green Committee - Jan 13 2026 - Minutes - Pdf (Page 5 - 8) Green Committee - Jan 13 2026 - Minutes - Html (Page 5 - 8) 6. REGULAR AGENDA ITEMS Items for discussion or decision by the Committee. During discussion, Committee members may ask staff questions, and public comments are allowed except during motions. 6.1. Consideration of a recommendation to City Council to amend the Foodware and Waste Reduction Ordinance Recommended Action: Consider and approve a recommendation the City Council to amend the Foodware and Waste Reduction Ordinance and consider assigning one or two committee members to draft the committee report to be presented at a future City Council meeting. 2026 Foodware Amendments (Page 9 - 12) 6.2. Consideration of a recommendation to City Council for the City of Calistoga to apply to become a "Bee City". Recommended Action: Consider and approve a recommendation to the City Council for the City of Calistoga to apply to become a "Bee City" and consider assigning one or two committee members to draft a committee report to be presented at a future City Council meeting. Bee City Resolution for Calistoga.docx (Page 13 - 27) Adopting IPM and Eliminating Pesticides with Glyphosate and Neonicotinoids (Page 13 - 27) 6.3. Consideration of a recommendation to City Council to draft and implement a Dark Sky General Plan Policy in the Open Space and Conservation Element Recommended Action: Consider and approve a recommendation to the City Council to draft and implement a Dark Sky General Plan Policy in the Open Space and Conservation Element and consider assigning one or two committee members to draft a committee report to be presented at a future City Council meeting. Dark Sky Goals, Provisions, Benefits, and Examples (Page 29 - 35) Dark Sky Introduction (Page 29 - 35) General Plan 2003 Open Space & Conservation Element (Page 29 - 35) Page 3 of 35 Green Committee Agenda February 10, 2026 6.4. Discussion of a possible event or tabling during Earth Month 2026 7. COMMITEE MEMBER REPORTS Committee members and subcommittees to present reports on items of general interest or the status of Committee projects. Brief questions for clarification may be asked and answered, and the Committee may request that items be added to a future agenda. However, except in certain circumstances, the Brown Act restricts any further discussion or action by the Committee. 7.1. City Council Approval of the Green Committee 2026 Work Plan 7.2. Update on the Progress of the Bicycle Parking Parklet on Washington Street 8. ADJOURNMENT I hereby certify that the agenda for the Green Committee - Feb 10 2026 was duly posted in compliance with California Government Code section 54954(a) at City Hall, located at 1232 Washington Street, Calistoga. Lauren Clark, Green Committee Staff Secretary, City of Calistoga Planning & Building Department | (707) 942-2827 | planning@calistogaca.gov Page 4 of 35  Item #5.1. MEETING MINUTES Green Committee | Tuesday, January 13, 2026 | 3:30 PM Calistoga Community Center | 1307 Washington Street Calistoga, CA 94515 1. ROLL CALL Committee member Mailliard called the regular session to order at 3:29 PM. Members Present: Antoinette Mailliard, Sean Birge, Hilary Simone, Bobbie Casey, Jeremy Grove Members Absent: None City Council Present: Kevin Eisenberg & Donald Williams Staff Present: Lauren Clark 1.1. Oath of Office to All New Committee Members Oath of office is given to Hilary Simone. 1.2. Election of Officers 2. PUBLIC COMMENTS 2.1. Public Comment #1 - a public comment by John Gleazer is attached to the agenda packet. 2.2. A public comment is provided by Millie Pease regarding the number of meetings used to discuss the work plan. She proposes that, in the furture, only one meeting is used to discuss the work plan. 2.3. A public comment is provided by John Gleazer regarding the bike parklet signage. Committee members request updates during regular committee meetings on items that are in the que for presentation to City Council and items that have been approved by the City Council. 3. SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES 4.1. Approval of draft minutes from the previous regular meeting. The minutes are approved after making two minor edits. 5. REGULAR AGENDA ITEMS Minutes Page 1 of 2 Page 5 of 35  Item #5.1. Green Committee January 13, 2026 5.1. Establishing the 2026 Green Committee Meeting Schedule Staff Report 2026-002 Committee members deny staff's request to change the regular meeting schedule: every second Tuesday of the month. 5.2. 2026 Green Committee Work Plan Committee members discuss the proposed 2026 Green Committee Work Plan and make minor edits to the draft. Motion by Vice Chair Birge and seconded by Member Casey approving a Green Committee work plan for calendar year 2026 with edits to be presented at the next City Council meeting. Motion Carried AYES: Chair Mailliard, Vice Chair Birge, Member Gleazer, Member Casey, and Member Grove NOES: None ABSTAIN: None ABSENT: None 6. COMMITEE MEMBER REPORTS 7. ADJOURNMENT Adjourned by Chair Mailliard at 4:45 PM. City Hall 1232 Washington Street | Calistoga, CA 94515 Phone (707) 942-2805 | Fax: (707) 942-0732 www.ci.calistoga.ca.us Minutes Page 2 of 2 Page 6 of 35  Item #5.1. MEETING MINUTES Green Committee | Tuesday, January 13, 2026 | 3:30 PM Calistoga Community Center | 1307 Washington Street Calistoga, CA 94515 1. ROLL CALL Committee member Mailliard called the regular session to order at 3:29 PM. Members Present: Antoinette Mailliard, Sean Birge, Hilary Simone, Bobbie Casey, Jeremy Grove Members Absent: None City Council Present: Kevin Eisenberg & Donald Williams Staff Present: Lauren Clark 1.1. Oath of Office to All New Committee Members Oath of office is given to Hilary Simone. 1.2. Election of Officers 2. PUBLIC COMMENTS 2.1. Public Comment #1 - a public comment by John Gleazer is attached to the agenda packet. 2.2. A public comment is provided by Millie Pease regarding the number of meetings used to discuss the work plan. She proposes that, in the furture, only one meeting is used to discuss the work plan. 2.3. A public comment is provided by John Gleazer regarding the bike parklet signage. Committee members request updates during regular committee meetings on items that are in the que for presentation to City Council and items that have been approved by the City Council. 3. SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES 4.1. Approval of draft minutes from the previous regular meeting. The minutes are approved after making two minor edits. 5. REGULAR AGENDA ITEMS Minutes Page 7 of 35  Item #5.1. Green Committee January 13, 2026 5.1. Establishing the 2026 Green Committee Meeting Schedule Staff Report 2026-002 Committee members deny staff's request to change the regular meeting schedule: every second Tuesday of the month. 5.2. 2026 Green Committee Work Plan Committee members discuss the proposed 2026 Green Committee Work Plan and make minor edits to the draft. Motion by Vice Chair Birge and seconded by Member Casey approving a Green Committee work plan for calendar year 2026 with edits to be presented at the next City Council meeting. Motion Carried AYES: Chair Mailliard, Vice Chair Birge, Member Gleazer, Member Casey, and Member Grove NOES: None ABSTAIN: None ABSENT: None 6. COMMITEE MEMBER REPORTS 7. ADJOURNMENT Adjourned by Chair Mailliard at 4:45 PM. City Hall 1232 Washington Street | Calistoga, CA 94515 Phone (707) 942-2805 | Fax: (707) 942-0732 www.ci.calistoga.ca.us Minutes Page 8 of 35  Item #6.1. FOODWARE & WASTE REDUCTION ORDINANCE AMENDMENTS I. CONDIMENT PACKETS NOTE ON CONDIMENT CONCERN: Since individual, single-use creamer packets/pods are not specifically mentioned in the Calistoga Foodware and Waste Reduction ordinance, and some merchants continue to use them in spite of the ordinance, we think it important to be clear and specify that they are included within “condiments” despite not being specified under “Standard condiment” definition in AB 1276. There are several ways to handle this. It may be that it needs to be addressed in more than one place. Below are some options for consideration. CURRENT LANGUAGE (P. 2 of ordinance) WHEREAS, in October 2021, the State of California passed Assembly Bill 1276 prohibiting a food facility from providing any single use foodware accessory or standard condiment, as defined, to a consumer unless requested by the consumer, and requiring cities to authorize enforcement of the requirements of the bill on or before June 1, 2022; and NOTE: “CONDIMENTS” DEFINITION IN AB 1276 (CALIFORNIA 2021-2022) (f) “Standard condiment” means relishes, spices, sauces, confections, or seasonings that require no additional preparation and that are usually used on a food item after preparation, including ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, soy sauce, hot sauce, salsa, salt, pepper, sugar, and sugar substitutes. SUGGESTED LANGUAGE 1: Add creamers to the WHEREAS statement above. However, the pertinent WHEREAS reference refers to take-out transactions. (Providing condiments and accessories upon customer request.) Adding creamer here would not eliminate the need to make a similar change in the ordinance “Definitions” section. WHEREAS, in October 2021, the State of California passed Assembly Bill 1276 prohibiting a food facility from providing any single use foodware accessory or standard condiment, as defined, to a consumer unless requested by the consumer, and requiring cities to authorize enforcement of the requirements of the bill on or before June 1, 2022. “Condiments” shall be understood to include individual, single use creamers; and … Page 9 of 35  Item #6.1. 2: Add creamers to “Condiments” under Definitions section: (Both options preferred.) DEFINITIONS “Condiments” means relishes, spices, sauces, confections, or seasonings that require no additional preparation and that are usually used on or in a food item after preparation, including but not limited to ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, soy sauce, hot sauce, salsa, cream/creamers, salt, pepper, sugar, and sugar substitutes. ____________________________________________________________________________ II. COMPOSTABLE DEFINITION(S) CURRENT LANGUAGE DEFINITIONS E. “Compostable” means that (1) all materials in a product, item, or packaging will break down, or otherwise become part of usable compost (e.g., soil-conditioning material, mulch) in a safe and timely manner, as defined by City contracted collection program(s), (2) item is certified by either BPI Certified, or other third-party product certification recognized by the City, to ensure that the item is free of harmful chemicals, including but not limited to fluorinated chemicals that may have been used in Foodware manufacture, and (3) item is made entirely of Natural Fiber as defined in this chapter. Plus sub-paragraphs. SUGGGESTED LANGUAGE Add new subpagagraph “Compostable” shall not include plastic items labeled, “100% compostable in a commercial facility,” as these items are not biodegradable by City contracted collection program(s). ___________________________________________________________________________ III. RECYCLABLE DEFINITION CURRENT LANGUAGE W. “Recyclable” means material that can be sorted, cleaned, and reconstituted by City contracted collection program(s) for the purpose of using the altered form in the manufacturing of a new product. 2.Currently “Recyclable” includes plastic items with a Recycling code of 1 and/or 2 only. Page 10 of 35  Item #6.1. SUGGESTED LANGUAGE (Change) 2. Currently “Recyclable” includes plastic items with a Recycle code of 1, 2 and/or 5. Definition of “Recyclable” shall be reviewed at least every two years to remain compliant with current capabilities of City contracted collection program(s). _____________________________________________________________________________________ IV. DISHWASHER REQUIREMENT CURRENT LANGUAGE 8.17.30 Foodware Standards. A. On-Premises. 1. Food Providers, providing food and beverages consumed On-Premises shall provide only Reusable Foodware, except as exempted in this chapter. 8.17.50 Exemptions. A. The following items or activities are exempt from the Disposable Foodware provisions set forth in this chapter: SUGGESTED LANGUAGE - ADD NEW SUB PARAGRAPH UNDER “18.17.50 Exemptions.” XX. Foodware providers without dishwashing capability and deemed by the City to lack space and/or infrastructure to reasonably add dishwashing capability, shall be exempted from the Reusable Foodware only requirement. They shall remain subject to all Compostable, Recyclable and other provisions herein. Dishwasher exemptions shall not be available to new businesses. Dishwasher exemption shall not be transferable in the event of moving to or addition of a new location. Any renovation requiring permit(s), or any transfer of tenancy or ownership shall subject existing exemptions to City review and possible revocation. V. COUNTER SERVICE CURRENT LANGUAGE 8.17.020 Definitions. For purposes of this chapter, the terms in this section shall have the following meaning: P. “On-Premises” means Customers who consume food or beverages on the property of a Food Provider. 8.17.30 Foodware Standards. Page 11 of 35  Item #6.1. A. On-Premises. 1. Food Providers, providing food and beverages consumed On-Premises shall provide only Reusable Foodware, except as exempted in this chapter. 2. Food Providers may provide Disposable Foodware Accessories which are Compostable, including napkins, food wrappers, straws, stirrers, toothpicks, cocktail sticks, tray liners, and plate liners, for food and beverages consumed On-Premises, except as exempted in this chapter. 3. Food Providers shall offer condiments in reusable containers or dispensers rather than pre-packaged, single-use condiment packets for condiments consumed On-Premises and for self-serve stations, except as exempted in this chapter. SUGGESTED LANGUAGE - Add Sub-Paragraph 4. 4. For counter ordering service, Food Providers shall ask customer whether order is for on-site consumption / “for here” or “to-go.” Orders for on-site consumption shall be served in Reusable Foodware only. ___________________________________________________________________________ VI. CARRYOUT BAGS CURRENT LANGUAGE 19.12.010 Purposes. The purposes of this chapter are to reduce waste and pollution and protect the environment by minimizing the distribution of single-use plastic bags. 19.12.050 Recyclable and Compostable carry-out bag charge. A. Except as provided in subsection (C) below, no Designated business shall provide a Compostable or Recyclable paper bag to a customer for the purpose of transporting merchandise out of the establishment unless: 1. The Designated business charges the customer a minimum amount of $0.25 per bag or other amount set by Resolution of the City Council; and 2. The amount of the charge for each Recycled paper bag is separately itemized on the sales receipt provided by the establishment to the customer. SUGGESTED LANGUAGE - Add sub-paragraph 3 3. When offering a store-provided bag to customers, Food Providers shall verbally inform that there is a $0.25 charge for each store-provided bag. (Example. “Would you like a bag for $0.25?” Page 12 of 35  Item #6.2. Please do not pass this resolution until your city/county has started a Bee City Application and Bee City USA has approved your draft resolution. Upload your draft resolution to your “Application” tab. Questions? Email beecityusa@xerces.org. RESOLUTION NO. _____________ A RESOLUTION of Calistoga, California designating Calistoga as a BEE CITY USA® affiliate. WHEREAS, the mission of BEE CITY USA is to galvanize communities to sustain pollinators, responsible for the reproduction of almost 90% of the world's flowering plant species, by providing them with healthy habitat, rich in a variety of native plants and free to nearly free of pesticides; and WHEREAS, thanks to the more than 3,600 species of native bees in the United States, along with introduced honey bees, we have very diverse dietary choices rich in fruits, nuts, and vegetables; and WHEREAS, bees and other pollinators have experienced population declines due to a combination of habitat loss, poor nutrition, pesticides (including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides), parasites, diseases, and climate change; and WHEREAS, pollinator-friendly communities can benefit local and regional economies through healthier ecosystems, increased vegetable and fruit crop yields, and increased demand for pollinator-friendly plant materials from local growers; and WHEREAS, ideal pollinator-friendly habitat (A) is comprised of mostly native wildflowers, grasses, vines, shrubs, and trees blooming in succession throughout the growing season to provide diverse and abundant nectar and pollen, since many wild pollinators prefer or depend on the native plants with which they co-adapted; (B) is free to nearly free of pesticides, as many pesticides can harm pollinators and/or their habitat; (C) comprises undisturbed spaces (leaf and brush piles, unmown fields or field margins, fallen trees and other dead wood) for nesting and overwintering; and (D) provides connectivity between habitat areas to support pollinator movement and resilience; and WHEREAS, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a long-term approach to maintaining healthy landscapes and facilities that minimizes risks to people and the environment by: identifying and removing the causes of pest problems rather than only attacking the symptoms (the pests); employing pests' natural enemies along with cultural, mechanical, and physical controls when prevention is not enough; and using pesticides only when no other method is feasible or effective; and WHEREAS, supporting pollinators fosters broad-based community engagement in environmental awareness and sustainability; and WHEREAS, Calistoga, CA should be certified a BEE CITY USA community because; and NOW, THEREFORE, in order to enhance understanding among local government staff and the public about the vital role that pollinators play and what each of us can do to sustain them, Calistoga chooses to support and encourage healthy pollinator habitat creation and enhancement, resolving as follows: Bee City USA (An Initiative of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation) Resolution Template Page 1 of 2 Page 13 of 35  Item #6.2. 1.​ The Calistoga City Council is hereby designated as the BEE CITY USA sponsor. 2.​ The Chairperson of the Green Committee or other Green Committee appointee is designated as the BEE CITY USA Liaison. 3.​ Facilitation of Calistoga’s BEE CITY USA program is assigned to the Green Committee. 4.​ The Green Committee is authorized to and shall: a.​ Celebration: Host at least one educational event or pollinator habitat planting or restoration each year to showcase Calistoga’s commitment to raising awareness of pollinator conservation and expanding pollinator health and habitat. b.​ Publicity & Information: Install and maintain at least one authorized BEE CITY USA street sign in a prominent location, and create and maintain a webpage on the Calistoga website which includes, at minimum a copy of this resolution and links to the national BEE CITY USA website; contact information for your BEE CITY USA Liaison and Committee; reports of the pollinator-friendly activities the community has accomplished the previous year(s); and your recommended native plant species list and integrated pest management plan (explained below). c.​ Habitat: Develop and implement a program to create or expand pollinator-friendly habitat on public and private land, which includes, but is not limited to, Identifying and inventorying Calistoga’s real property that can be enhanced with pollinator-friendly plantings; creating a recommended locally native plant list to include wildflowers, grasses, vines, shrubs, and trees and a list of local suppliers for those species; and, tracking (by square footage and/or acreage) annual area of pollinator habitat created or enhanced. d.​ Pollinator-Friendly Pest Management: Create and adopt an integrated pest management (IPM) plan designed to prevent pest problems, reduce pesticide use, and expand the use of non-chemical pest management methods. e.​ Policy & Plans: Establish, through the City of Calistoga, a policy in the General Plan of Calistoga’s] Comprehensive Plan to acknowledge and commit to the BEE CITY USA designation and review the General Plan and other relevant documents to consider improvements to pest management policies and practices as they relate to pollinator conservation, identify appropriate locations for pollinator-friendly plantings, and consider other appropriate measures. f.​ Renewal: After completing the first calendar year as a BEE CITY USA affiliate, each February, apply for renewal of Calistoga’s BEE CITY USA designation following the format provided by BEE CITY USA, including a report of the previous year’s BEE CITY USA activities, and paying the renewal fee based on Calistoga’s population. ADOPTED by the City Council of Calistoga, CA, this ___ day of ____________________, 20__. Bee City USA (An Initiative of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation) Resolution Template Page 2 of 2 Page 14 of 35  Item #6.2. Page 15 of 35  Item #6.2. Page 16 of 35  The Core ❖ Pesticides offer short-term fixes, not Problem: long-term solutions, often leading to other problems. ❖ They destroy beneficial organisms essential Inefficient for natural pest control (e.g., killing "good bugs" like ladybugs and parasitoid wasps). Page 17 of 35 Pesticide Use ❖ Pesticides fail to stay where they are applied, leading to widespread contamination. ❖ Neonicotinoids are systemic, meaning they never leave the plant (if the seeds of a plant Glyphosate (RoundUp) and are sprayed, the flowers will contain). Neonicotinoids (Ortho Bug B Gone, ❖ A significant amount of typical plant "damage" Rose & Flower) are inefficient and is simply evidence of a normal, thriving harmful solutions ecosystem. Item #6.2.  Water Glyphosate's ❖ Found in aquatic ecosystems, aquifers, and drinking water through runoff and aerial drift. Ecosystem Air/Rain ❖ Found in the air during spraying and in 60-100% of rain samples during spray season (Aerial Drift). Page 18 of 35 Degradation Soil/Microbial ❖ Massively alters soil structure and inhibits its function; kills beneficial microbes and increases pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus). Plants Glyphosate Contaminates Our ❖ Degrades chlorophyll, ruins Nitrogen fixation (essential for all life), decreases photosynthesis and CO2 uptake. Shared Environment Item #6.2.  Aquatic Species: Impact on ❖ Disrupts freshwater microbial communities, including food sources for the Federally Animals and Endangered California Freshwater Shrimp (Syncaris pacifica). Page 19 of 35 Aquatic Life Fish: ❖ Damages DNA, chromosomes, blood, liver, and cells; causes developmental defects in the forebrain, midbrain, and eye. Insects: Biodiversity Collapse: Toxic ❖ Affects the morphology, behaviors, and reproduction of beneficial arthropods; kills Effects on Wildlife 50% of species like parasitoid wasps and ladybugs. Item #6.2.  Carcinogen: ❖ The FDA has categorized Glyphosate pesticides as a type 2A carcinogen (Oxford Journal: Carcinogenesis). The Human Widespread Exposure: ❖ Found in our food chain (especially cereals), water, and even breastmilk. Detected in 95% of beers and wines (3.5–51 ppb). Page 20 of 35 Health Crisis Endocrine and Circulatory Disruptor: ❖ Decreases Human Serum Albumin (HSA), which transports hormones and drugs throughout the body. Neurological Disorders: ❖ Strongly associated with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ADHD due Direct Health Risks to the to the production of neurofibrillary tangles (plaques). Calistoga Community Cellular Damage: ❖ Kills cells by disrupting mitochondria and inhibiting antioxidants. Item #6.2.  Bees & Pollinators ❖ Primary cause of massive die-offs (e.g., beekeepers losing up to 60% of hives in 2025). ❖ Impair critical functions like navigation, memory, immunity, and Neonicotinoids: ❖ fertility. Linked to the endangered status of species like the rusty-patched bumblebee. Adverse Effects on Wider Ecosystem ❖ ❖ Indiscriminate killers of butterflies, earthworms, and pest predators. Systemic nature contaminates soil for years; water pollution found in Ecosystems and ❖ over half of sampled streams nationwide. Linked to mass losses of birds and the collapse of fisheries. Page 21 of 35 ❖ EPA found neonics are driving 200+ threatened/endangered species toward extinction. Human Health Human Health ❖ Neonics mimic nicotine, impacting mammalian nervous systems and critical brain development. ❖ Research links in utero exposure to birth defects (heart, brain), autism-like symptoms, and reduced cognitive abilities. ❖ Adult exposure linked to lower testosterone, poor sperm quality/count, and altered metabolism/insulin regulation. ❖ Detected in ~50% of the U.S. population; contaminated tap water, honey (86% of U.S. honey), and systemic residues are in common produce (apples, potatoes). Item #6.2.  Our Solution: Definition: IPM is an ecosystem-based strategy Integrated Pest focused on long-term prevention of pests and damage through mixed, scientifically researched methods. Management Core Strategies: Page 22 of 35 (IPM) ❖ Ecosystem Diversity: Promoting a varied landscape to naturally control pests. ❖ Biological Control: Utilizing natural enemies (bees, wasps, ladybugs, praying Integrated Pest Management mantises) to manage pests. (IPM): The Sustainable Path ❖ Cultural Controls: Non-chemical methods like mulching, weeding, and tilling. Forward ❖ Monitoring & Prevention: Proactive strategies rather than reactive spraying. Item #6.2.  Napa Green Certification: ❖ The entity certifying environmentally conscientious wineries and vineyards already IPM is the Local promotes and requires IPM practices. Napa Master Gardeners: Page 23 of 35 Standard ❖ Train and certify individuals and organizations in functional agricultural and horticultural practices based on IPM principles. Soil Health Foundation: IPM is Already the Napa ❖ IPM supports the four principles of soil health: Minimize Disturbance, Maximize Standard Living Roots, Maximize Soil Cover, and Maximize Biodiversity. Item #6.2.  Adopt a formal IPM policy with Xerces Society Policy Suggestion: modeled after established University of California guidelines. Implementation Key Policy Component: ❖ Integration of a Pesticide Use Page 24 of 35 Framework ❖ Authorization Platform (PUA) for all public lands. The PUA requires an approval process for any necessary pesticide use, ensuring it is a last resort. ❖ This shifts the default from spraying to proactive, sustainable management. A Sample Implementation Policy Formalize IPM adoption and create a timeline for Calistoga for phasing out non-essential, highly toxic chemicals like Neonics and Glyphosate. Item #6.2.  Summary: Choose Health, Glyphosate and Neonicotinoids are Choose toxic, inefficient, and contaminate our water, air, soil, and bodies. Page 25 of 35 Sustainability IPM is a proven, effective, and environmentally responsible alternative. Protect the health of our community, Adopting IPM aligns Calistoga with the our ecosystems, and the long-term best practices already employed by local integrity of the Calistoga environment leaders like Napa Green and Master by implementing IPM and banning Gardeners. neonics and glyphosate. Item #6.2.  Sonoma, CA: Monday April 1, 2019 ● City Council unanimously carried a ban the use of glyphosate-based herbicides on City Property Napa, CA: Wednesday July 25, 2018 Page 26 of 35 Our Ask ● Regulation for prohibition of Glyphosate based products on City property Ban Glyphosate and Neonicotinoid based herbicides on all Calistoga City owned and Santa Rosa, CA: Tuesday August 21, 2018 operated property ● Resolution (10th Amendment to GSA) to Adopt Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as our pest management policy approve contract with Golden Gate Landscape MGMT, Inc. stating no glyphosate to be used. Item #6.2.  1. Pass a Resolution to become a Bee City. 2. Work with Xerces Society to create and implement an Integrated Pest Management Page 27 of 35 Future Steps (IPM) policy. 3. Create Pesticide Buffer Zones surrounding Environmentally to ensure the safety of our urban Sensitive Areas, Schools, and forests and ecosystems Gardens and Farms. 4. Create policy banning the use of invasive species (Cal-IPC list) in horticultural practices. Item #6.2. Page 28 of 35  Item #6.3. Dark Sky Goals, Provisions, Benefits, and Examples Goals 1. Preserve Night Sky 2. Protect the environment 3. Improve Public Safety 4. Reduce Energy Consumption Provisions 1. Shielding and direction 2. Light intensity and color 3. Curfews 4. Light trespass limits 5. Prohibited lights Benefits 1. Reduced light pollution 2. Improved public safety 3. Energy conservation 4. Enhanced aesthetics Common 1. Paired with Bird Safety/Glass Threads 2. Color 3. Intensity/Lumens 4. Curfew 5. Covers 6. Location 7. Automatic Shutoff Calistoga Bay Area 1. Palo Alto (Dark Sky and Bird Safe Glass): Examples: a. Dark Sky: i. Limits types and operating hours of outdoor light fixtures ii. Midnight curfew iii. Lower temperature bulbs emitting orange, not blue. iv. Limits how much light can spill over to other properties v. Shielded, opaque fixtures that block upward light vi. Allows 10 years to adopt Page 29 of 35  Item #6.3. Bay Area b. Bird Safe Glass (Architectural elements to reduce bird collision and mortality, Examples with focus on glass treatment): i. No more than 10% untreated glazing between ground level to 60 feet above ground ii. Glazing types: Opaque, patterned/fritted, paned, non-reflective iii. Avoid funneling of flight paths along buildings or trees iv. Switchboard or similar device to reduce light pollution after hours v. Reduce or prohibit transparent glass use vi. Reduce glass at tops of buildings, especially when green roof is incorporated 2. Brisbane a. Shielding: all lighting must be fully shielded b. Light trespass: no light should be visible from off-site. c. Light Location: i. Property line must be extinguished within 10 minutes ii. Residential: lights can only be used within 50 feet of buildings, pools, driveways, and walkways. d. Curfew: 10 PM e. Color: 3000K or less (yellow, orange, red) 3. Cupertino (Bird Safe and Dary Sky) a. Bird Safe: i. Opaque glass, window muntins, exterior netting, exterior screens, special glass ii. Site planning to avoid funneling flight paths iii. Facades of all projects subject to development requirements b. Dark Sky: i. Fully shielded, directed downward ii. Intensity on a site shall not exceed a maintained value of ten foot candles when measured at finished grade iii. Color temp of 3000K or less iv. Fully extinguished by 11PM v. Design standards such as lighting fixtures must complement building and landscape vi. Prohibited lights include outdoor blinking, flashing, or rotating, flood lights, spotlights, and others as applicable Page 30 of 35  Item #6.3. 4. Portola Valley (Air and Light Pollution) a. Clean Air i. Spare the Air Bay Area ii. Wood Burning Regulation 1. Illegal to burn when the Spare the Air is in effect 2. Bans sale and installation of non-EPA-certified wood-brning devices. b. Dark Sky: i. Lighting Placement 1. Exterior doors get only 1 light each 2. Garages may have 1 or 2 only producing 1125 Lumens 3. Low path, step, and wall lights for safety and navigation 4. Exterior patios shall be recessed and shielded from off-site ii. Fixture Types 1. Shielded and directed downward 2. Bulb cannot protrude horizontal plane of shield 3. Spill must be limited to illuminated object 4. Fixtures shall not have swivel or directional adjust iii. Lighting Control: 1. Motion sensors only triggered from property itself 2. Photo cells shall be used only to ensure lighting is off during the day, as opposed tonight 3. Timers shall be included on all motion sensor lights to ensure illumination is limited 4. Lights shall self-extinguish within 2 minutes if illumination. iv. Prohibited Lighting: 1. Up lighting 2. Lighting for night use of uncovered game courts 3. Aerial lasers and other focused beams 4. Flood lights or lighting 5. Searchlights 6. Lighting with no on/off switch or control 7. Any light exceeding 1125 lumens 8. Festoon, cafe, or other strings of bulbs v. Lighting Requiring ASCC Approval: 1. Landscaping 2. Commercial parking Page 31 of 35  Item #6.3. Page 32 of 35  Item #6.3. Dark sky/Light Pollution Introduction & Background Light pollution is a growing global issue that negatively affects the environment, wildlife, and quality of life. By now most people are aware of the very direct impact that night-time light pollution has on migrating birds that navigate by the moon, and on the balance between predators that use light to hunt and prey species that depend on darkness as cover. Less understood is the fact that artificial lights also cause hatchling sea turtles to turn inland toward lights instead of going seaward toward safety. Insects’ suicidal attraction to artificial light results in a decline of countless valued plants and animals that rely on insects for food or pollination. Glare from artificial lights near wetland habitats confuse amphibians such as frogs and toads, whose nighttime croaking is part of the breeding ritual, interfering with reproduction and reducing populations. According to the 2016 groundbreaking study, “World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness,” 80 percent of the world’s population lives under artificial sky glow. In the United States and Europe, up to 99 percent of the public cannot see and experience natural night sky. Communities all over the globe are actively striving to do something about this thoughtless and harmful pattern. What they have learned is that a great many of night time outdoor electric lighting installations are simply over-lit, incorrectly lit, and left on when not needed. But, you might argue, what about public safety? In a study published in the “Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,” researchers looked at data on road traffic collisions and crime in 62 communities in England and Wales. They found that most property crime occurs in the light of the day. And some crimes like vandalism and graffiti actually thrive on night lighting. In 2016 the American Medical Association reported that excessive glare from bright, unshielded lights actually decreases safety because it constricts our pupils, effectively blinding us temporarily and making it more difficult for our eyes to adjust to low-light conditions. Page 33 of 35  Item #6.3. In a collaborative study published by the international not-for-profit, “DarkSky” and the “Illuminating Engineering Society,” entitled, “Five Principles for Responsible Outdoor Lighting,” the basics of reduction and prevention of light pollution through the proper application of quality outdoor electric lighting standards is outlined. It asserts that by applying simple principles, electric lighting at night can be both healthy and functional. A dark sky does not necessarily mean a dark ground. Smart lighting that directs light where it is needed can create a balance between safety and starlight. All over the globe, cities and towns are have enacted, “Night Sky” and “Dark Sky” standards. The Bay Area is no exception. Among those close to home are: • Palo Alto • Brisbane • Cupertino • Portola Valley While there are variations in detail, including the combining of Dark Sky initiatives with other environmental regulations, there are noteworthy common principles, including: • Prohibition of up-lighting. Fully shielded, downward directed lights only. • Color and temperature standards. • Prohibition of floodlights, spotlights and blinking, flashing, rotating lights. • Limits on lumens. • Lighting curfews. • Limits on placement and number of lights for residential use. • Light regulations for public spaces • Limits on lighting visibility off-site. • Standards for motion sensor triggers and timers. • Prohibition of aerial lasers and focused beams. • Prohibition of lighting with no on/off control. • Prohibition of cafe and other string bulbs. • Approval process for landscaping and commercial parking lights. Page 34 of 35  Item #6.3. CITY OF CALISTOGA GENERAL PLAN 2003 OPEN SPACE AND CONSERVATION ELEMENT Light Pollution. Views of the night sky are a important part of the natural environment, particularly in a small community like Calistoga which generally enjoys excellent views of the night sky. As the City grows, light pollution has the potential to become an increasing issue. Calistoga recognizes the problems presented by light pollution. Forms of light pollution include: • Glare, which is the uncomfortable brightness of a light source when viewed against a dark background. • Light trespass, which is the spilling of light from beyond the property where the light is located. • Sky glow, where excess and poorly designed lighting obscures views of the night sky. Overlighting and poorly designed lighting can obscure sky views, create a visual nuisance, and cause a hazardous visual distraction for vehicles and pedestrians. Overlighting is also wasteful of electricity resources, and can drive up maintenance costs because of higher utility bills. This General Plan calls for guidelines for incorporation of light efficient exterior fixtures in new development as part of the design review process to help address light pollution problems. A fixture using an efficient 180- watt low pressure sodium lamp will consume approximately a third as much energy as an inefficient 700- watt mercury vapor lamp. Both lamps produce roughly the same amount of light. Page 35 of 35